Age is associated with reduced urethral pressure and afferent activity in rat

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are important in tooth physiology, contributing to development, repair, regeneration, and immunomodulatory processes. However, their role in inflammatory mechanisms underlying pulpitis is not well understood. We evaluated the influence of DPSCs stimulated with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a proinflammatory neuropeptide, on the expression of mediators released from DPSCs and the effect of these mediators on sensory neuron activity. Human DPSCs were treated with either control media or media containing CGRP (10−8 M) for 7 d, and the conditioned media (CM) containing DPSC-released mediators was collected. The expression of cytokines and chemokines from DPSCs was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effects of the CM from CGRP-primed DPSCs (primed DPSC-CM) were evaluated on sensory afferents by using primary cultures of mouse trigeminal neurons and an organotypic model of cultured human pulp slices. Mouse trigeminal neurons and human pulp explants were pretreated for 24 h with control or primed DPSC-CM and then stimulated with capsaicin. Afferent activity was measured by quantifying the response to capsaicin via live cell calcium imaging in mouse neurons and CGRP released from pulp explants. Gene expression analysis showed that primed DPSCs overexpressed some proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8, which are both agonists of the receptor CXCR2 expressed in sensory neurons. Primed DPSC-CM increased human pulp sensory afferent activity as compared with control DPSC-CM. Similarly, primed DPSC-CM increased the intensity of calcium responses in cultured mouse trigeminal neurons. Furthermore, the CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 prevented trigeminal neuron sensitization to capsaicin induced by primed DPSC-CM. In conclusion, mediators released by DPSCs, primed with the proinflammatory mediator CGRP, induce neuronal sensitization through CXCR2 receptor. These data suggest that DPSCs might contribute to pain symptoms that develop in pulpitis.

Carbon Dioxide Urethral Pressure Profile

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(17)59234-4 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 115 (4) ◽

pp. 439-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Shlomo Raz ◽

Joseph J. Kaufman

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Pressure Profile ◽

Urethral Pressure ◽

Urethral Pressure Profile

Pericardial mechanoreceptors with phrenic afferents

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1993.264.6.h1836 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 264 (6) ◽

pp. H1836-H1846 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

D. R. Kostreva ◽

S. P. Pontus

Keyword(s):

Phrenic Nerve ◽

Cardiac Rhythm ◽

Afferent Activity ◽

Fibrous Layer ◽

Anesthetized Dogs ◽

Anatomic Distribution ◽

Phrenic Nerves ◽

The Right

Pericardial mechanoreceptors with afferents in the phrenic nerves were studied in anesthetized dogs. The specific aims determined 1) if pericardial receptors with phrenic afferents exist in the dog; 2) the stimuli needed to activate these receptors; 3) the anatomic distribution of these pericardial receptors; and 4) which pericardial layer contains the receptors. Afferent activity was recorded from the phrenic nerves while the pericardium was probed. In 15 of 18 animals, pericardial receptors were found on the right side. In 12 of 18 animals pericardial receptors were located on the left side. Most of the mechanoreceptors were found in a band that paralleled the pericardiophrenic attachment, in the fibrous layer of the pericardium, overlying the atria and atrioventricular grooves. Some receptors had a cardiac rhythm, whereas others were stimulated by the inflating lung. None of the receptors were chemosensitive to capsaicin, bradykinin, or saline. This study is the first to demonstrate that the pericardium of the dog contains mechanosensitive receptors which are innervated by the phrenic nerve.

Re: Klünder et al: High definition urethral pressure profilometry: Evaluating a novel microtip catheter and Klünder et al: Assessing the reproducibility of high definition urethral pressure profilometry and its correlation with an air-charged system

Neurourology and Urodynamics ◽

10.1002/nau.23233 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 2184-2187

Author(s):

Werner Schaefer

Keyword(s):

Urethral Pressure ◽

High Definition ◽

Charged System

Jejunal or portal vein infusions of lipids increase hepatic vagal afferent activity

Neuroreport ◽

10.1097/00001756-200110080-00024 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 3101-3105 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Alan Randich ◽

D. Seth Spraggins ◽

James E. Cox ◽

Stephen T. Meller ◽

Gary R. Kelm

Keyword(s):

Portal Vein ◽

Afferent Activity ◽

Vagal Afferent