scholarly journals Nedocromil sodium and diphenhydramine HCl ameliorate exercise‐induced arterial hypoxemia in highly trained athletes

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Coyle ◽  
Curtis S. Goss ◽  
Wesley J. Manz ◽  
Joel T. Greenshields ◽  
Robert F. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nedocromil Sodium ◽  
Arterial Hypoxemia ◽  
Exercise Induced

Acute hypoxic ventilatory response and exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in men and women

2004 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan A. Guenette ◽  
Tu T. Diep ◽  
Michael S. Koehle ◽  
Glen E. Foster ◽  
Jennifer C. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Hypoxic Ventilatory Response ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Arterial Hypoxemia ◽  
Exercise Induced

Nedocromil Sodium

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Parish ◽  
Lisa J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Nedocromil Sodium ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Chronic Asthma ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Steroid Dependent ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Better Than

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the available pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic data on nedocromil sodium and to present representative clinical trials of this new agent in both mild-to-moderate and severe chronic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Adverse effects are reviewed. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was used to identify pertinent literature, excluding reviews and foreign-language articles. All available English-language studies were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Pivotal and representative studies are discussed relating to the following issues: Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, management of patients with non-steroid-dependent and steroid-dependent asthma, comparison with sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn), comparison with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate, management of exercise-induced asthma, use in children with asthma, and use in allergic rhinitis. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nedocromil sodium is chemically grossly unrelated to cromolyn but has similar pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic benefits. Although ineffective in relieving acute asthma attacks, nedocromil appears to be superior to placebo in lessening the severity of chronic asthma and protecting against allergen-induced asthma when taken as chronic prophylaxis. Single doses attenuate exercise-induced asthma. It is also effective in the management of allergic rhinitis. Results have varied when nedocromil has been compared with cromolyn or inhaled beclomethasone. Studies to date indicate that, overall, nedocromil is not significantly better than cromolyn and is no better than or is inferior to inhaled beclomethasone, although individual response appears to be variable, with no identifiable predictive factors. CONCLUSIONS: Individual patients may receive marked improvement from nedocromil therapy, but there are no factors that identify which patients will respond. Nedocromil may be particularly useful in adults who frequently fail to respond to cromolyn.

Anti-inflammatory agent, dexamethasone, does not affect exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in Thoroughbreds

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murli Manohar ◽  
Thomas E. Goetz ◽  
Aslam S. Hassan ◽  
Tracy Depuy ◽  
Sarah Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Pulmonary Injury ◽  
Arterial Hypoxemia ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Pulmonary Capillaries ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Chemical Mediators

In view of the suggestion that pulmonary injury-induced release of histamine and/or other chemical mediators from airway inflammatory and mast cells contribute to the exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) in human athletes, we examined the effects of pretreatment with a potent anti-inflammatory agent, dexamethasone, on EIAH and desaturation of hemoglobin in horses. Seven healthy, sound, exercise-trained Thoroughbreds were studied in the control (no medications) experiments, followed in 7 days by intravenous dexamethasone (0.11 mg·kg−1·day−1for 3 consecutive days) studies. Blood-gas measurements were made at rest and during incremental exercise leading to maximal exertion at 14 m/s on a 3.5% uphill grade. Galloping at this workload induced pulmonary hemorrhage in all horses in both treatments, thereby indicating that stress failure of pulmonary capillaries had occurred. In both treatments, significant EIAH, desaturation of hemoglobin, hypercapnia, acidosis, and hyperthermia developed during maximal exercise, but significant differences between the control and dexamethasone treatments were not discerned. The failure of pretreatment with dexamethasone to significantly affect EIAH suggests that pulmonary injury-evoked airway inflammatory response may not play a major role in EIAH in racehorses. However, our observations in both treatments that EIAH developed quickly (being evident at 30 s of exertion) and that its severity remained unaffected by increasing exercise duration (to 120 s) suggest that EIAH has a functional basis, probably related to significant shortening of the transit time for blood in the pulmonary capillaries as cardiac output increases dramatically.

Intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunts of >15 μm in diameter probably do not contribute to arterial hypoxemia in maximally exercising Thoroughbred horses

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murli Manohar ◽  
Thomas E. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Arteriovenous Shunting ◽  
Arterial Hypoxemia ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Arteriovenous Shunts ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Mixed Venous

The present study examined whether Thoroughbred horses performing strenuous exercise exhibit intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting that may contribute to the observed arterial hypoxemia. Experiments were carried out on seven healthy, exercise-trained Thoroughbreds at rest, maximal exercise (galloping at 14 m/s on a 3.5% uphill grade for 120 s), and submaximal exertion (8 m/s on a 3.5% uphill grade for 150 s). Along with blood gas/hemodynamic parameters, intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting was studied by injecting 15-μm-diameter microspheres, labeled with different stable isotopes, into the right atrium while simultaneous blood samples were being withdrawn at a constant rate from the pulmonary artery and the aorta. Arterial hypoxemia was observed only during maximal exercise. Also, despite significant pulmonary arterial hypertension during submaximal and maximal exertion, 15-μm microspheres did not traverse the pulmonary microcirculation to appear in the aortic blood. Thus our findings did not support a role for intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunts of >15 μm in diameter in the exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in racehorses. Interestingly, our observation that, in going from 30 to 120 s of maximal exertion, arterial O2 tension had remained unchanged despite significant reductions in mixed venous blood O2 tension, hemoglobin-O2 saturation, and O2 content also discounts the importance of intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunts in causing arterial hypoxemia. This is because, assuming that a constant fraction of total pulmonary blood flow bypasses the gas-exchange areas of the equine lungs via intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunts during 30–120 s of maximal exertion, the observed significant reductions in mixed venous blood oxygenation should cause a significant reduction in arterial O2 tension, which was not the case in our horses. Thus it is suggested that intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting probably does not contribute to the exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in racehorses.

NaHCO3 does not affect arterial O2 tension but attenuates desaturation of hemoglobin in maximally exercising Thoroughbreds

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murli Manohar ◽  
Thomas E. Goetz ◽  
Aslam S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Hypoxemia ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Mixed Venous

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of preexercise NaHCO3 administration to induce metabolic alkalosis on the arterial oxygenation in racehorses performing maximal exercise. Two sets of experiments, intravenous physiological saline and NaHCO3 (250 mg/kg iv), were carried out on 13 healthy, sound Thoroughbred horses in random order, 7 days apart. Blood-gas variables were examined at rest and during incremental exercise, leading to 120 s of galloping at 14 m/s on a 3.5% uphill grade, which elicited maximal heart rate and induced pulmonary hemorrhage in all horses in both treatments. NaHCO3 administration caused alkalosis and hemodilution in standing horses, but arterial O2 tension and hemoglobin-O2 saturation were unaffected. Thus NaHCO3 administration caused a reduction in arterial O2 content at rest, although the arterial-to-mixed venous blood O2 content gradient was unaffected. During maximal exercise in both treatments, arterial hypoxemia, desaturation, hypercapnia, acidosis, hyperthermia, and hemoconcentration developed. Although the extent of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia was similar, there was an attenuation of the desaturation of arterial hemoglobin in the NaHCO3-treated horses, which had higher arterial pH. Despite these observations, the arterial blood O2 content of exercising horses was less in the NaHCO3 experiments because of the hemodilution, and an attenuation of the exercise-induced expansion of the arterial-to-mixed venous blood O2 content gradient was observed. It was concluded that preexercise NaHCO3 administration does not affect the development and/or severity of arterial hypoxemia in Thoroughbreds performing short-term, high-intensity exercise.

Comparison of the protective effects of cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium in the treatment of exercise-induced asthma in children

1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando M. de Benedictis ◽  
Gianluca Tuteri ◽  
Alberto Bertotto ◽  
Lucio Bruni ◽  
Renato Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Cromolyn Sodium ◽  
Nedocromil Sodium ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
Exercise Induced

Effect of a Long- and Short-Acting ??2-Agonist on Exercise-Induced Arterial Hypoxemia

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAN B. STEWART ◽  
JANE M. LABRECHE ◽  
DONALD C. MCKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Short Acting ◽  
Arterial Hypoxemia ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia is unaffected by intense physical training: a case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo B. Dominelli ◽  
Glen E. Foster ◽  
Giulio S. Dominelli ◽  
William R. Henderson ◽  
Michael S. Koehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Severe Hypoxemia ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Arterial Hypoxemia ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) occurs in some healthy humans at sea-level, whereby the most aerobically trained individuals develop the most severe hypoxemia. A female competitive runner completed 2 maximal exercise tests. Maximal oxygen consumption increased by 15% between testing days, but the degree of hypoxemia remained similar (PaO2, SaO2; 82 and 80 mm Hg; 93.8% and 92.8%; first and second test, respectively). Our case indicates that EIAH does not necessarily worsen with aerobic training.

Prevalence of Exercise-Induced Arterial Hypoxemia in Distance Runners at Sea Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEREN CONSTANTINI ◽  
DAVID A. TANNER ◽  
TIMOTHY P. GAVIN ◽  
CRAIG A. HARMS ◽  
JOEL M. STAGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Arterial Hypoxemia ◽  
Exercise Induced
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