scholarly journals Cortico-cortical connectivity behind acoustic information transfer to mouse orbitofrontal cortex is sensitive to neuromodulation and displays local sensory gating: relevance in disorders with auditory hallucinations?

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. E371-E387
Author(s):  
Anushree Tripathi ◽  
Sebastian Sulis Sato ◽  
Paolo Medini
Keyword(s):  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Sensory Gating ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Cortical Connectivity ◽  
Auditory Cortices ◽  
Auditory Association Cortex ◽  
Acoustic Responses

Background: Auditory hallucinations (which occur when the distinction between thoughts and perceptions is blurred) are common in psychotic disorders. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) may be implicated, because it receives multiple inputs, including sound and affective value via the amygdala, orchestrating complex emotional responses. We aimed to elucidate the circuit and neuromodulatory mechanisms that underlie the processing of emotionally salient auditory stimuli in the OFC — mechanisms that may be involved in auditory hallucinations. Methods: We identified the cortico-cortical connectivity conveying auditory information to the mouse OFC; its sensitivity to neuromodulators involved in psychosis and postpartum depression, such as dopamine and neurosteroids; and its sensitivity to sensory gating (defective in dysexecutive syndromes). Results: Retrograde tracers in OFC revealed input cells in all auditory cortices. Acoustic responses were abolished by pharmacological and chemogenetic inactivation of the above-identified pathway. Acoustic responses in the OFC were reduced by local dopaminergic agonists and neurosteroids. Noticeably, apomorphine action lasted longer in the OFC than in auditory areas, and its effect was modality-specific (augmentation for visual responses), whereas neurosteroid action was sex-specific. Finally, acoustic responses in the OFC reverberated to the auditory association cortex via feedback connections and displayed sensory gating, a phenomenon of local origin, given that it was not detectable in input auditory cortices. Limitations: Although our findings were for mice, connectivity and sensitivity to neuromodulation are conserved across mammals. Conclusion: The corticocortical loop from the auditory association cortex to the OFC is dramatically sensitive to dopamine and neurosteroids. This suggests a clinically testable circuit behind auditory hallucinations. The function of OFC input–output circuits can be studied in mice with targeted and clinically relevant mutations related to their response to emotionally salient sounds.

Auditory-Somatosensory Multisensory Processing in Auditory Association Cortex: An fMRI Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 540-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Foxe ◽  
Glenn R. Wylie ◽  
Antigona Martinez ◽  
Charles E. Schroeder ◽  
Daniel C. Javitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Convergence Region ◽  
Auditory Cortices ◽  
Auditory Association Cortex

Using high-field (3 Tesla) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we demonstrate that auditory and somatosensory inputs converge in a subregion of human auditory cortex along the superior temporal gyrus. Further, simultaneous stimulation in both sensory modalities resulted in activity exceeding that predicted by summing the responses to the unisensory inputs, thereby showing multisensory integration in this convergence region. Recently, intracranial recordings in macaque monkeys have shown similar auditory-somatosensory convergence in a subregion of auditory cortex directly caudomedial to primary auditory cortex (area CM). The multisensory region identified in the present investigation may be the human homologue of CM. Our finding of auditory-somatosensory convergence in early auditory cortices contributes to mounting evidence for multisensory integration early in the cortical processing hierarchy, in brain regions that were previously assumed to be unisensory.

scholarly journals Musical hallucination associated with hearing loss

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2b) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
T G Sanchez ◽  
S C M Rocha ◽  
K A B Knobel ◽  
M A Kii ◽  
R M R Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Musical Hallucination ◽  
Auditory Association Cortex

In spite of the fact that musical hallucination have a significant impact on patients' lives, they have received very little attention of experts. Some researchers agree on a combination of peripheral and central dysfunctions as the mechanism that causes hallucination. The most accepted physiopathology of musical hallucination associated to hearing loss (caused by cochlear lesion, cochlear nerve lesion or by interruption of mesencephalon or pontine auditory information) is the disinhibition of auditory memory circuits due to sensory deprivation. Concerning the cortical area involved in musical hallucination, there is evidence that the excitatory mechanism of the superior temporal gyrus, as in epilepsies, is responsible for musical hallucination. In musical release hallucination there is also activation of the auditory association cortex. Finally, considering the laterality, functional studies with musical perception and imagery in normal individuals showed that songs with words cause bilateral temporal activation and melodies activate only the right lobe. The effect of hearing aids on the improvement of musical hallucination as a result of the hearing loss improvement is well documented. It happens because auditory hallucination may be influenced by the external acoustical environment. Neuroleptics, antidepressants and anticonvulsants have been used in the treatment of musical hallucination. Cases of improvement with the administration of carbamazepine, meclobemide and donepezil were reported, but the results obtained were not consistent.

scholarly journals Cross-modal Suppression of Auditory Association Cortex by Visual Speech as a Mechanism for Audiovisual Speech Perception

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Karas ◽  
John F. Magnotti ◽  
Brian A. Metzger ◽  
Lin L. Zhu ◽  
Kristen B. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Speech ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Voice Leading ◽  
Audiovisual Speech Perception ◽  
Auditory Association Cortex ◽  
The Voice

AbstractVision provides a perceptual head start for speech perception because most speech is “mouth-leading”: visual information from the talker’s mouth is available before auditory information from the voice. However, some speech is “voice-leading” (auditory before visual). Consistent with a model in which vision modulates subsequent auditory processing, there was a larger perceptual benefit of visual speech for mouth-leading vs. voice-leading words (28% vs. 4%). The neural substrates of this difference were examined by recording broadband high-frequency activity from electrodes implanted over auditory association cortex in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) of epileptic patients. Responses were smaller for audiovisual vs. auditory-only mouth-leading words (34% difference) while there was little difference (5%) for voice-leading words. Evidence for cross-modal suppression of auditory cortex complements our previous work showing enhancement of visual cortex (Ozker et al., 2018b) and confirms that multisensory interactions are a powerful modulator of activity throughout the speech perception network.Impact StatementHuman perception and brain responses differ between words in which mouth movements are visible before the voice is heard and words for which the reverse is true.

Auditory hallucinations inhibit exogenous activation of auditory association cortex

Neuroreport ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 932-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. David ◽  
Peter W. R. Woodruff ◽  
Robert Howard ◽  
John D. C. Mellers ◽  
Michael Brammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Auditory Association Cortex

scholarly journals The visual speech head start improves perception and reduces superior temporal cortex responses to auditory speech

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J Karas ◽  
John F Magnotti ◽  
Brian A Metzger ◽  
Lin L Zhu ◽  
Kristen B Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Visual Speech ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Auditory Speech ◽  
Auditory Association Cortex

Visual information about speech content from the talker’s mouth is often available before auditory information from the talker's voice. Here we examined perceptual and neural responses to words with and without this visual head start. For both types of words, perception was enhanced by viewing the talker's face, but the enhancement was significantly greater for words with a head start. Neural responses were measured from electrodes implanted over auditory association cortex in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) of epileptic patients. The presence of visual speech suppressed responses to auditory speech, more so for words with a visual head start. We suggest that the head start inhibits representations of incompatible auditory phonemes, increasing perceptual accuracy and decreasing total neural responses. Together with previous work showing visual cortex modulation (Ozker et al., 2018b) these results from pSTG demonstrate that multisensory interactions are a powerful modulator of activity throughout the speech perception network.

scholarly journals T148. THALAMIC-CORTICAL CONNECTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S173-S173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Zaytseva ◽  
Eva Kozakova ◽  
Eduard Bakstein ◽  
Jaroslav Hlinka ◽  
Maya Schutte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Cortical Connectivity

Tonotopic organization of human auditory association cortex

1994 ◽  
Vol 663 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selene Cansino ◽  
Samuel J. Williamson ◽  
Daniel Karron
Keyword(s):  
Association Cortex ◽  
Tonotopic Organization ◽  
Auditory Association Cortex

scholarly journals Reduced Pyramidal Cell Somal Volume in Auditory Association Cortex of Subjects with Schizophrenia

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Sweet ◽  
Joseph N Pierri ◽  
Sungyoung Auh ◽  
Allan R Sampson ◽  
David A Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Cell ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Auditory Association Cortex

Contribution of Human Prefrontal Cortex to Delay Performance

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Chao ◽  
Robert T. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Delay Performance ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Auditory Association Cortex

Neurological patients with focal lesions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and age-matched control subjects were tested on an auditory version of the delayed-match-to-sample task employing environmental sounds. Subjects had to indicate whether a cue (S1) and a subsequent target sound (S2) were identical. On some trials, S1 and S2 were separated by a silent period of 5 sec. On other trials, the 5-sec delay between S1 and S2 was filled with irrelevant tone pips that served as distractors. Behaviorally, frontal patients were impaired by the presence of distractors. Electrophysiologically, patients generated enhanced primary auditory cortex-evoked responses to the tone pips, supporting a failure in inhibitory control of sensory processing after prefrontal damage. Intrahemispheric reductions of neural activity generated in the auditory association cortex and additional intrahemispheric reductions of attention-related frontal activity were also observed in the prefrontal patients. Together, these findings suggest that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is crucial for gating distracting information as well as maintaining distributed intrahemispheric neural activity during auditory working memory.

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