4. The Many Faces of Colonialism in Two Iberoamerican Borderlands: Northern New Spain and the Eastern Lowlands of Charcas

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-114
1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Light Townsend Cummins ◽  
Charles R. Cutter

Author(s):  
Roberto Carrillo Acosta ◽  
Irma Castillo Ruiz

RESUMEN Las investigaciones sobre las fortificaciones en el norte de Nueva España son escasas. Además, aunque hay escritos aislados sobre algunas fortificaciones, no se han realizado estudios que de manera integral hagan un seguimiento de cada recinto fortificado. El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, motivo de este escrito, alberga un inmenso testimonio de los diversos procesos históricos que en su tendido se forjaron. Dicho testimonio se traduce en una gama de bienes patrimoniales que fueron construidos individual y colectivamente a lo largo de tres siglos. Su transformación da cuenta del conocimiento heredado de técnicas o modelos constructivos, y de estrategias de ocupación, lo cual le imprime un sentido de permanencia en el tiempo.PALABRAS CLAVESfortificaciones, Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, presidio de El PasajeABSTRACTInvestigations about the fortifications of northern New Spain are scarce. Besides, even though there are isolated writings on some types of fortification, no studies have been carried out that comprehensively track each fortified enclosure. The Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, the reason for this article, has left us an immense testimony of various historical processes forged in it. This testimony translates into a range of patrimonial assets that were built individually and collectively over the course of three centuries. Its transformation gives an account of the inherited knowledge of techniques or constructive models, and of the occupation strategies, which impress on it a sense of permanence in time.KEYWORDSfortifications, Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, El Pasaje prison


1946 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
Octaviano Valdés

Mexico had many outstanding Franciscan missionaries in the sixteenth century. One of the greatest of those was Fray Francisco de Tembleque. A deeply religious man, whose every action was based on charity, Fray Francisco was at the same time a colorful figure and he merits a place of honor in the hearts of men. Little is known about him because liistorians have depicted for us only the salient chapters of his life, leaving the rest obscure. Even the date of his death has not been found in the many chronicles of his day. As we shall see, he arrived in New Spain around the year 1540. Fr. Jerónimo de Mendieta tells us that “Fr. Francisco de Tembleque, a native of the town of Tembleque, near Toledo, came with Fr. Juan de Romanones from the Province of Castilla. Both were inseparable companions during their sojourn in New Spain. He acquired a sufficient knowledge of the Aztec language to enable him to hear confessions in that tongue. But he never was capable of preaching in that language from memory. He always read his sermons and instructions to the Indians, and that very satisfactorily.” In this regard he was no equal to his talented brother, Fr. Juan de Romanones, who, “having mastered the Mexican language, preached to the natives and labored among them for over 40 years, being an able speaker. He wrote sermons and other works and translated parts of the Holy Bible, a work of invaluable aid to both himself and to other friars in preaching to the Indians. He was one of the best linguists Mexico ever had.”


1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
M. C. Mirow ◽  
Charles R. Cutter

Author(s):  
Nicolás Kanellos

José Alvarez de Toledo y Dubois (1779–1858) was either a freedom-fighter turned traitor to the cause of Mexican independence or a spy for the Spanish empire at a time of intense competition among European powers and the early American Republic for dominance over northern New Spain and what would become Texas. In the course of his assimilation or appropriation of liberal discourse and his inciting rebellions, he became a pioneer in the use of the printing press to generate propaganda to recruit troops and financing in advance of military action. His various proclamations and pamphlets exhorted New Spain and other Spanish colonies in America to separate from the motherland and establish republics; a more lasting contribution, however, may have been his being partially responsible for the introduction of the first printing press and publication of the first newspaper in Texas during the early 19th century,


Author(s):  
Sonya Lipsett-Rivera

The very nature of Spanish colonization meant that New Spain brought together people from different cultures, ethnicities, religions, and attitudes. Mexico City was the meeting place of all these various populaces. Before the conquest, Tenochtitlan had neighborhoods composed of residents from various parts of the empire. Apart from the many indigenous cultures, colonization also meant the addition of Spaniards, Africans, and Asians, some of whom were enslaved and others simply migrants. The result was a culture that expressed itself both in high and popular culture with a melding of elements—a joyous cacophony that reflected its mestizo nature. This culture was played out not only in institutional settings such as the viceregal court, ceremonies, the theater, and in church but also in the streets, parks, and taverns that dotted towns and cities. Although culture, to a certain extent, reflected New Spain’s hierarchical nature, separation between high and low was never absolute. In the cathedral, as in many other institutions, popular pursuits and music infiltrated the formal singing. This pattern of cultural slippage prevailed within many areas of daily life as the colonial world of New Spain layered pastimes and pursuits from its many constituents.


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