7. Patricians and Plebeians in Late Colonial Charcas: Identity, Representation, and Colonialism

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-196
Author(s):  
Alejandro Gómez Alanís ◽  
Antonio M. Peinado ◽  
Jose A. Gonzalez ◽  
Angel Gomez

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Irene Rosalina

This study applies a sociocultural linguistic approach where it examined the representation of English as International language teachers' identity negotiation in their classroom interactions. The important role of the teachers involving their efforts, values ​​, and beliefs preceded this study. Furthermore, the findings in this study indicated that the English teachers negotiate their identity as they still bring out the teaching with the reference to cultural, social, political, and religious constructs. The different ways of the teachers showing their identity infused in their linguistic use in the classroom. Moreover, the religion bounding values and beliefs that the teachers motivated to explore were shown in the connection between the English teaching topic being discussed in class and the religious concept in teaching, which in this case related to the Islamic teachings. The teachers also perceive their identities which can be assembled into four broad areas showing their understanding and the important function of their identity representations in the way of teaching. Lastly, some pedagogical implications were also found from this study.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoda Xu ◽  
Maryam Vaziri-Pashkam

ABSTRACTAny given visual object input is characterized by multiple visual features, such as identity, position and size. Despite the usefulness of identity and nonidentity features in vision and their joint coding throughout the primate ventral visual processing pathway, they have so far been studied relatively independently. Here we document the relative coding strength of object identity and nonidentity features in a brain region and how this may change across the human ventral visual pathway. We examined a total of four nonidentity features, including two Euclidean features (position and size) and two non-Euclidean features (image statistics and spatial frequency content of an image). Overall, identity representation increased and nonidentity feature representation decreased along the ventral visual pathway, with identity outweighed the non-Euclidean features, but not the Euclidean ones, in higher levels of visual processing. A similar analysis was performed in 14 convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pretrained to perform object categorization with varying architecture, depth, and with/without recurrent processing. While the relative coding strength of object identity and nonidentity features in lower CNN layers matched well with that in early human visual areas, the match between higher CNN layers and higher human visual regions were limited. Similar results were obtained regardless of whether a CNN was trained with real-world or stylized object images that emphasized shape representation. Together, by measuring the relative coding strength of object identity and nonidentity features, our approach provided a new tool to characterize feature coding in the human brain and the correspondence between the brain and CNNs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study documented the relative coding strength of object identity compared to four types of nonidentity features along the human ventral visual processing pathway and compared brain responses with those of 14 CNNs pretrained to perform object categorization. Overall, identity representation increased and nonidentity feature representation decreased along the ventral visual pathway, with the coding strength of the different nonidentity features differed at higher levels of visual processing. While feature coding in lower CNN layers matched well with that of early human visual areas, the match between higher CNN layers and higher human visual regions were limited. Our approach provided a new tool to characterize feature coding in the human brain and the correspondence between the brain and CNNs.


Scene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 213-228
Author(s):  
Garrett Lynch IRL

This article discusses a selection from a series of performances created between 2008 and 2019 that as practice as research (PaR) explore ideas of identity, representation and place as they relate to the intersection of what are termed ‘virtual’ and ‘real’ spaces. These include I’m Garrett Lynch (IRL) (2010), I’m Not Garrett Lynch (IRL) – Identity Badge Performance (2018–19), I’m Not Garrett Lynch (IRL) – Zazzle Store (2019), the three complementary performances of Three Wearable Devices for Augmented Virtuality (2011) and As Yet Unnamed (2019). The performance series initially occurred online and later incorporated gallery spaces and sites in six countries. From the outset, my Irish identity formed a crucial background to my practice but remained an implied rather than directly discussed perspective. This article’s purpose is to discuss practice from an Irish perspective and in so doing foreground and clarify how nationality and place were in fact essential to its development. Examining the use of written and to a lesser extent spoken language in performances, discussion explores how language is a problematizing starting point but equally enables an extension of my identity by implying my Irish nationality and Ireland as place. Irish nationality is described in this article as comparable to what is defined as ‘real’ and forms a component in the territorialization of both ‘virtual’ space and places of the phenomenological Other. Methods of moving between ‘virtual’ and ‘real’ spaces, influenced by the philosophical theory of Gilles Deleuze, are described in detail and performances are employed to demonstrate how this occurs. Finally, the use of naming and how it has impacted my identity in ‘real’ space and ongoing life is explored through the discussion of a performance in 2019.


2021 ◽  
pp. 115-138
Author(s):  
Andreas T. Hirblinger ◽  
Dana M. Landau

This chapter explores how the emerging discourse on, and practice of, inclusion in peace mediation has dealt with questions of identity, representation, and difference. In particular it seeks to understand how the object of inclusion (who?) has been framed by policy makers and practitioners, for what reasons, and with what effects. The chapter finds that the object of inclusion varies along a spectrum that can be differentiated into three main categories: Closed references, which refer to an actor group that can readily be identified according to relatively hard criteria, open references, which are rather ambiguous in their meaning and thus provide room for interpretation, and relational references, which are situated in a specific social and political context and are made salient through their relationship to other actor groups. These varying ways of framing inclusion correspond with different, and sometimes conflicting, peacemaking strategies.


2021 ◽  
pp. 243-264
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Shaver

This concluding chapter assembles the complete repertoire of proposed motifs—identity, representation, change, containment, and conduit—together with verbal affirmations for each. Summarizing conclusions from previous chapters, it describes each motif’s respective cognitive underpinnings and its distinctive entailments. It also proposes that divisions over practices such as the appropriate disposal of consecrated elements and the legitimacy of reservation and adoration have arisen from differences in these entailments and that a multiply metaphorical approach can help churches practice mutual forbearance and respect. Multiply metaphorical thinking provides access to otherwise inaccessible truths. No metaphor is the whole truth, and each unique, irreplaceable metaphor needs to be complemented and counterbalanced by others.


1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-390
Author(s):  
J. A. J. Matthews ◽  
G. de B. Robinson

As has long been known, the irreducible tensor representations of GL(d) of rank n may be labeled by means of the irreducible representations of Sn, i.e., by means of the Young diagrams [λ], where λ1 + λ2 + … λr = n. We denote such a tensor representation by 〈λ〉. Using Young's raising operator Rij we can write [1, p. 42]1.1where the dot denotes the inducing process. For example, [3] . [2] is that representation of S5 induced by the identity representation of its subgroup S3 × S2.


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