THREE. Building the City: Women Writers of the Reformation

Redeeming Eve ◽  
1990 ◽  
pp. 48-86
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The City

The Battle of Finsbury Field and Its Wider Context

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 271-287
Author(s):  
A. G. Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
The West ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Sir Thomas Wyatt ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mary Tudor ◽  
The City ◽  
Northern Wall

On 4 March 1554 some hundreds of London schoolboys fought a mock battle on Finsbury Field outside the northern wall of the city. Boys have always gratified their innate romanticism by playing at war, yet this incident, organized between several schools, was overtly political and implicitly religious in character. It almost resulted in tragedy, and, though scarcely noticed by historians, it does not fail to throw Ught upon London society and opinion during a major crisis of Tudor history. The present essay aims to discuss the factual evidence and its sources; thereafter to clarify the broader context and significance of the affair by briefer reference to a few comparable events which marked the Reformation struggle elsewhere. The London battle relates closely to two events in the reign of Mary Tudor: her marriage with Philip of Spain and the dangerous Kentish rebellion led by the younger Sir Thomas Wyatt. The latter’s objectives were to seize the government, prevent the marriage, and, in all probability, to place the Princess Elizabeth on the throne as the figurehead of a Protestant regime in Church and State. While Wyatt himself showed few signs of evangelical piety, the notion of a merely political revolt can no longer be maintained. Professor Malcolm R. Thorp has recendy examined in detail the lives of all the numerous known leaders, and has proved that in almost every case they display clear records of Protestant conviction. It is, moreover, common knowledge that Kent, with its exceptionally large Protestant population, provided at this moment the best possible recruiting-area in England for an attack upon the Catholic government. Though the London militia treasonably went over to Wyatt, the magnates with their retinues and associates rallied around the legal sovereign. Denied boats and bridges near the capital, Wyatt finally crossed the Thames at Kingston, but then failed to enter London from the west. By 8 February 1554 his movement had collapsed, though his execution did not occur until 11 April.

Rethinking Iconoclasm in Early Modern England: the Case of Cheapside Cross

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 379-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Budd
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Complex Variety ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City

AbstractProtestant iconoclasm has generally been understood as an assault on the beliefs and practices of traditional religion. This article challenges that understanding through a detailed study of Cheapside Cross, a large monument that was repeatedly attacked by iconoclasts in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It draws on contemporary pamphlets and the manuscripts records of the City of London to reveal the complex variety of associations that Cheapside Cross acquired before and during the Reformation era. It argues that perceptions of the monument were shaped not only by its iconography but also by its involvement in ceremonies and rituals, including royal coronation processions. The iconoclastic attacks on Cheapside Cross should be interpreted not merely as a challenge to traditional beliefs but as attempts to restructure the monument's associations. The paper concludes that attacks on other images may be understood in a similar manner.

The Mysterious Victory of the Newsboys: The Grand Duke Theatre's 1874 Challenge to the Theatre Licensing Law

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-80
Author(s):  
Michelle Granshaw
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
House Of Refuge ◽  
The City ◽  
New Yorkers ◽  
Legal Battle

In 1874, a group of newsboys took on some of the wealthiest, most respected, and most powerful New Yorkers and emerged victorious. The Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, a philanthropic organization that worked to guard public morals and championed Christian values, faced two challenges that year over the city's theatre licensing fee. Its prominent members and their financial power made the organization a formidable force in local city matters. As a result of the 1872 Act to Regulate Places of Public Amusement in the City of New York, theatre managers were required to pay $500 to the city for an operating license. The city gave the fees to the society, which it used to operate the city's House of Refuge. The society believed that theatres corrupted the city's youth and that, therefore, the theatres should help fund youth reform efforts. In its legal proceedings against theatres without licenses, the society typically targeted cheap entertainment establishments in poor neighborhoods. These playhouses “werenotparticularly powerful and presumably would not put up too strenuous a legal battle.”

Perspective istoriografice privind spațiul sacru al Sibiului în evul mediu

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Maria Crîngaci-Țiplic
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
Sacred Sites ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
Sacred Spaces ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

This paper presents an overview of the historiography that describes and investigates the components which compose the sacred spaces of Sibiu in the Middle Ages. It is well known that Sibiu had a preeminent position in the urban hierarchy of medieval Transylvania and of the south-eastern Europe. The city was attested for the first time in 1191 as an ecclesiastical center of the Transylvanian Saxons and was home to numerous places of worship and sacred sites (churches, monasteries, chapels, cemeteries, hospitals etc.). However, with the advent of the Reformation in the 16th century and the noticeable changes that occurred during the industrial age and the communist dictatorship (the 19th and 20th centuries), the medieval sacred building and their neighborhoods have been deeply transformed and medieval ecclesiastical topography became unrecognizable in modern day Sibiu. The recreation of the ecclesiastical topography and even more of the sacred spaces could be recreated through analyses and research of different type of sources from charters and town chronicles of the 16th-18th centuries to the most recent archaeological studies or papers on medieval art, architecture, or historical urban evolution. With this in mind, the study aims to provide references on the topic and establishes the main periods of the historiography and their relevant ideological and theoretical changes during over 400 hundred years of debates or research.

scholarly journals TEMPLE REPRESENTATION IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF HIGHRISE BUILDINGS OF THE REFORMATION ERA IN JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hilmy Arieza ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Cultural Wealth ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Expansion Level ◽  
Building Representation ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
The City

Abstract - Temples are one of the most important cultural archeological remains available in Indonesia. Over the centuries and indeed up to the present, the various elements in the design of temples have been considered as a reference point and the origin of architecture in Indonesia. The Prambanan temple constitutes the first highrise building in South East Asia, which serves to prove that in that particular era, the ancestors of the current Indonesian population were able to inspire the world with its creations. The temples spread all over Indonesia can be labelled unique because they differed from those hailing from the source of inspiration, namely the country of India. This was due to the active role played by the local genius at that point in time, which showed a knack for absorbing foreign concepts while simultaneously selecting and adapting these ideas to the Indonesian context. In keeping with the developments typical of the era and the available technology, exploring the cultural wealth of resources and architecture must be continued as a matter of course; if not, there is cause for alarm that the local values and the very identity of Indonesian architecture may well fade, and all the more so in the reformation era typified by the increasingly dominant current of globalization. The most rapid development can be found in Jakarta as Indonesia’s capital and the melting pot of all aspects. The density of this urban population goes up all the time, and the price of the increasingly rare land available has followed suit. This particular trend has driven the vertical expansion for reasons of efficient land use and economic factors. The expansion level of high-rise buildings in Jakarta has also risen sharply due to the increasing need. These high-rise buildings can be considered as a symbol of a strong economy of a given city because they define the urban skyline and form a source of pride for the city dwellers. Allowing this expansion of high-rise buildings without making a rigorous selection has frequently led to the urban skyline’s loss of character, and a regrettable tendency to look identical to the skyline of other cities. The purpose of this research project is to study the use of temple representation in the architecture of high-rise buildings of the Reformation Era in Jakarta by way of examining the architectural works of PT Arkonin & PT Airmas Asri. Keywords : Temple, reformation, local genius, high-rise building, representation

Suburban Models, or Calvinism and Continuity in London’s Seventeenth-Century Church Architecture

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 69-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Guillery
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
National Context ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Church Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christopher Wren ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City

The history of church architecture in seventeenth-century London lacks threads of continuity. It is dominated by two great men, Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren, whose contributions could not and did not straddle the whole metropolis or the whole of the century. Besides, the devising of a new church was too significant an act to be left entirely to those capable of architectural design. There is a related misconception that churches were seldom built in London between the Reformation and the Great Fire of 1666. Yet even within the City of London, numerous parish churches were rebuilt during this period, while Jones substantially remodelled Old St Paul’s Cathedral. Beyond the City, much more was happening. London’s earliest seventeenth-century suburban churches were broadly Gothic in style and medieval in type, while those built at the end of the century were entirely classical auditories. The same could be said of church building in a national context, although not without hefty qualification. What is fascinating, important, and insufficiently studied, is the nature of this transition and its wider historical meanings.

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