The Sexual Division of Labour in the Urban Informal Sector: A Case Study of Lusaka

1984 ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Bardouille
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
Urban Informal Sector

Disaggregating the Sexual Division of Labour: A Transatlantic Case Study

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Parr
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
The Social ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Gender System

Sexual division has been an obvious and enduring characteristic of wage work, much studied on both sides of the Atlantic. Gender roles, household forms, and community welfare have been made and remade by changing access to paid work. The theoretical literature on gender segregation in the labour force is rich, but economists and feminist theorists have been interested in sexual divisions as general features of the economic or sex/gender system rather than as boundaries between tasks forged in defined contexts by particular clashes of interest. Whether in specifying the social groups that benefited by gender division, the systematic relationships that generated the boundaries, or the traits upon which lines of partition were drawn, most analysts have dealt with gender division as a characteristic of the work force as a whole.

scholarly journals Earnings Functions in Pakistan's Urban Informal Sector: A 'Case Study

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (4II) ◽  
pp. 695-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Aman Burki ◽  
Qaisar ' Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Earnings Functions ◽  
Urban Informal Sector

The informal sector is frequently attacked on the grounds that it offers very low earnings in very unfavourable and exploitative working conditions with no prospects for upward mobility for its participants. Since entry in this sector is not restricted, therefore, it is argued that a mushroom growth of labour supply takes place particularly at times when growth in the formal sector slows down [Richardson (1984)]. Therefore, earnings in this sector do not reflect variations in personal capabilities on account of human capital endowments. As a result, it is opined that workers in this sector face a flat age-earnings or experienceearnings profile because they are not rewarded for their schooling and accumulated experience with age. The unrestricted entry of labour may be the case in some sub-sectors of the informal sector where no specific skills are required. However, it cannot be generalized because there are many activities which require from theiT workers to have learned some sort of skills, thus creating barriers to entry. The existence of such barriers may explain higher earnings in these sub-sectors [Burki (1989); Burki and Ubaidullah (1990)].

scholarly journals Creating and Maintaining Structural Hindrances to Criminal Justice Control – A Policy Analysis on the Normalisation of Parental Violence as a Crime in Finland

2021 ◽  
pp. 096466392110208
Author(s):  
Riikka Kotanen
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
And Control

In the context of home, violence remains more accepted when committed against children than adults. Normalisation of parental violence has been documented in attitudinal surveys, professional practices, and legal regulation. For example, in many countries violent disciplining of children is the only legal form of interpersonal violence. This study explores the societal invisibility and normalisation of parental violence as a crime by analysing legislation and control policies regulating the division of labour and involvement between social welfare and criminal justice authorities. An empirical case study from Finland, where all forms of parental violence were legally prohibited in 1983, is used to elucidate the divergence between (criminal) law and control policies. The analysis demonstrates how normalisation operates at the policy-level where, within the same system of control that criminalised these acts, structural hindrances are built to prevent criminal justice interventions.

Urban informal sector and poverty

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saibal Kar ◽  
Sugata Marjit
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Urban Informal Sector
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