Disaggregating the Sexual Division of Labour: A Transatlantic Case Study

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Parr

Sexual division has been an obvious and enduring characteristic of wage work, much studied on both sides of the Atlantic. Gender roles, household forms, and community welfare have been made and remade by changing access to paid work. The theoretical literature on gender segregation in the labour force is rich, but economists and feminist theorists have been interested in sexual divisions as general features of the economic or sex/gender system rather than as boundaries between tasks forged in defined contexts by particular clashes of interest. Whether in specifying the social groups that benefited by gender division, the systematic relationships that generated the boundaries, or the traits upon which lines of partition were drawn, most analysts have dealt with gender division as a characteristic of the work force as a whole.

Africa ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Magid

Opening ParagraphThe notion that rural political life is essentially traditional tribal in Africa and therefore scarcely relevant to modern decision-making at higher echelons of government has had a commanding influence in African studies. Associated with this viewpoint has been a tacit division of labour in the social sciences which emphasizes the pre-eminence of anthropology in the tribal domain and the pre-occupation of political science with macropolitics especially in the urban sphere. Happily, a younger generation of political scientists has emerged in recent years to challenge an essentially artificial arrangement.


Author(s):  
Jenice Milagros Vazquez-Pagan

<p><strong>Resumen: </strong></p><p>Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de examinar la organización social del trabajo del hogar en Puerto Rico y su valoración. Se tomó en consideración la perspectiva de género y el trabajo como un derecho humano. La metodología fue cualitativa, con un diseño de estudio de caso. Las técnicas de recopilación de información fueron la entrevista semiestructurada y análisis de documentos. Se conocieron las percepciones y experiencias de las participantes sobre el concepto trabajo no remunerado del hogar. Sus voces reflejaron la división sexual del trabajo y cómo el uso del tiempo en las tareas del hogar tiene efectos en la salud y en el desarrollo laboral. <strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p><p>This research was carried out with the objective of examining the social organization of work in the household in Puerto Rico and its evaluation. The gender perspective and work as a human right were taken into consideration. The methodology was qualitative, with a case study design. The information gathering techniques were the semi-structured interview and document analysis. The perceptions and experiences of the participants about the concept of unpaid work of the household were known. Their voices reflected the sexual division of work and how the use of time in household tasks has effects on health and work development.</p>


1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Curran

This paper provides an account of the processes by which people were recruited to particular places in the labour market, and explores the implications of this account for conceptualisations of recruitment and of gender divisions in employment. On the basis of a survey of recruitment to 101 retail and clerical job vacancies in the North East of England, it is argued that the social and `tacit' skills required in the performance of such jobs are so inextricably linked with, and embedded in, gender that the jobs themselves may be seen as gendered. Gender itself thus has a direct influence on the separation of `men's jobs' and `women's jobs', which is distinct from the indirect effects of domestic responsibilities and the sexual division of labour in households.


Author(s):  
Hermann Zeitlhofer

AbstractDespite the growing interest historians have expressed in old age and ageing in recent decades, our knowledge of the labour force participation of elderly people in pre-industrial times is still very limited. This is due to the fact that historians have, for far too long, discussed ‘old age’ mostly in terms of ‘providing for the elderly’ whilst more or less ignoring the wide range of activities the elderly were engaged in as well as the high rate of life-long labour force participation before the late 19th century.This study, on the one hand, discusses the social position of ‘retirees’ (former rural house owners), a social position often seen as an archetype for modern ‘retirement’. Numerous examples are presented from the regional case study of South Bohemia as well as from other parts of Central Europe showing that pre-modern retirees quite often continued to work in many different ways. In many cases inter vivos transfers of land and houses were not undertaken in order to allow for retirement from all activities but rather to facilitate a change in the individual’s own main focus of activity from one occupation to another. In a second part of the study the economy of makeshifts of the poor is analysed. Using rare sources from several South Bohemian parishes enables us to document the importance of the mixed economy of the poorest section of the rural elderly.


Author(s):  
Hikmah Hikmah

Perubahan sosial merupakan aspek penting dalam memahami perkembangan kehidupan perekonomian masyarakat di Cilincing, karena intervensi kebijakan pemerintah (pembangunan pulau reklamasi). Pembangunan pulau N di Teluk Jakarta telah mempengaruhi kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat di Cilincing yang terkait dengan perubahan sumber pendapatan, pola aktivitas penangkapan ikan, serta sistem gender pada masyarakat perikanan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus yang menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan  metode triangulasi guna memperoleh kombinasi data yang akurat. Pemilihan informan melalui teknik bola saljudan dilakukan secara sengaja yaitu memilih orang-orang yang dianggap mengetahui secara detail mengenai gejala perubahan sosial akibat adanya pembangunan reklamasi Teluk Jakarta. Analisis data kualitatif dilakukan secara interaktif dan berlangsung secara terus-menerus sampai tuntas hingga datanya jenuh. Hasil penelitian menggabarkan adanya perubahan sosial yang terjadi akibat adanya pembangunan pulau  reklamasi di sekitar Teluk Jakarta antara lain perubahan jenis sumber pendapatan, perubahan pola aktivitas penangkapan, perubahan struktur sosial masyarakat nelayan dan perubahan sistem gender. Tulisan ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah melakukan  asistensi pada masyarakat nelayan yang tidak mampu beradaptasi terhadap perubahan karena pulau reklamasi dengan program mata pencaharian alternatif. Dan bagi masyarakat nelayan yang mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan yang ada, Harus disiapkan skema bantuan yang jelas, sehingga perekonomian masyarakat nelayan dapat berkembang.Reclamation In The Jakarta Bay And Social Change Of Fishing Community In CilincingReclaimed island development, social groups in the coastal villages have been affected due to the construction project. This study aims to provide an overview of the symptoms of social change as a result of reclamation development on the lives of fishing communities in Sub Cilincing North Jakarta. This study used a qualitative method with case study approach. Data collection techniques applied by the researchers is the triangulation method to obtain accurate data combinations. Selection of informants through sampling technique a snowball and is done deliberately is choosing those deemed to know in detail about the symptoms of social change as a result of the construction of the Jakarta Bay reclamation. Qualitative data analysis performed interactively and lasted continuously until complete until data saturation. The results of the study describes the phenomenon of social changes that occur due to the construction of reclamation around the Bay of Jakarta, among others, changes in the type of source of income, changes in patterns of fishing activities, changes in the social structure of fishing communities and change the gender system.


1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Bernstein

This article aims to demonstrate the relation between the participation and location of women in the Israeli labour force and economic-structural processes central to the development of the Israeli economy. It begins with a discussion of the main features of the economic growth of Israeli society, indicating the implications of these features for female labour. The overall pattern of female participation in the labour force is then discussed, noting the main shifts in this pattern and their significance, followed by a more detailed presentation of the position of women in a number of economic branches—the textile and clothing industries, education and welfare services, finance and trade. The sexual division of labour is further examined according to the difference between Ashkenazi and Oriental women of first and second generations. Finally, a concluding discussion assesses the significance of women to the economy and the implications of their position within the economy to their future prospects.


2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Hayton

Mental health problems are relatively common within the population. For some, the problems may be so severe that they have to give up paid work. However, there is evidence that, not only do the mentally ill have a strong desire to return to paid work but, such work can improve mental health. This paper looks at the varied ways that have evolved to help the mentally ill return to work. Drawing on research undertaken in Glasgow, it finds that mental health projects have developed in isolation from one an other and from the wider local economic development network. It argues that a more effective service can be provided if there is improved networking between projects and if they concentrate upon interventions which make optimum use of their particular knowledge and skills. This would involve mental health projects providing the social and therapeutic aspects of support, whilst the economic development projects dealt with vocation al training and labour market links.


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