The Correlation and Duration of Middle Pleistocene Interglacial Periods in Northwest Europe

1975 ◽  
pp. 259-308 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Northwest Europe

Terra incognita: The Palaeolithic record of northwest Europe and the information potential of the southern North Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 93 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Roebroeks
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
History Of

AbstractFor major parts of the Palaeolithic substantial areas of the current southern North Sea and what later became the English Channel were dry land. Those areas, now covered by tens of metres of sea, were occasionally core areas for large herds of herbivores and the animals that preyed upon them, including Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. This is demonstrated by the large amounts of Pleistocene mammal fossils, artefacts and a Neanderthal fossil recovered during the last one and a half centuries. Any consideration of the Pleistocene occupation history of northwest Europe needs to deal with the fact that a major part of the landscape available to Pleistocene hunter-gatherers is currently submerged under the waters of the North Sea, one of the most prolific Pleistocene fossil-bearing localities world-wide. One also needs to take into account the complex landscape evolution of the southern North Sea basin, with geographically varying successions of marine, lacustrine, fluvial and glacial sedimentation and erosion. This paper gives a short overview of the occupation history of northwest Europe, from its earliest traces at the very end of the Lower and the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene up to the middle part of the Upper Palaeolithic, when this part of Europe became deserted for a period of about 10,000 years. Tentative interpretations and questions raised by the overview will be situated in the context of the information potential of the deposits in the southern North Sea and the Channel area.

The molluscan fauna of the middle pleistocene interglacial deposits at Little Oakley, Essex, and its environmental and stratigraphical implications

1990 ◽  
Vol 328 (1248) ◽  
pp. 387-407 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Calcareous Grassland ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
Large Bulk ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
Fringing Marsh ◽  
Channel Deposits

The molluscan fauna of the interglacial channel deposits at Little Oakley, Essex, U.K., is described. Detailed faunal analyses are presented from three boreholes located at different sites across the palaeochannel. Large-bulk samples [ ca. 1.5 t), obtained from mechanically excavated pits at one of these sites, have yielded a few additional species and enabled the resolution of several taxonomic problems that result from the fragmentary nature of some of the borehole specimens. The fauna as a whole is fully temperate throughout and indicates the presence of a large, welloxygenated river, thought to be the ancestral Thames. Mollusca from fringing marsh habitats are also present, together with xerophilous species from dry calcareous grassland. Woodland species are virtually absent, suggesting that the river here had a wide, open floodplain. The fauna indicates a Cromerian age and includes the extinct prosobranch Tanousia (= Nematurella auctt.), which is unknown anywhere in northwest Europe after this interglacial stage. Other noteworthy species include Sphaerium solidum (only British Pleistocene record), Belgrandia marginata , Helicella itala and cf. Cernuella virgata (earliest British Pleistocene records), Trochoidea geyeri and Truncatellina cylindrica (only British Cromerian records). There are significant differences between the faunas at each of the sampling sites, which are thought to reflect mid-channel and marginal facies. This interpretation is in complete accord with the sedimentology and gives strong support for the local palaeogeographical reconstructions. There are also some biostratigraphical changes: Tanousia declines upwards and is totally absent in the upper levels of one borehole that is thought to extend later into the interglacial. The significance of this disappearance as caused by either regional (climatic) or local factors is unclear.

Climatic variability during the past three million years, as indicated by vegetational evolution in northwest Europe and with emphasis on data from The Netherlands

1988 ◽  
Vol 318 (1191) ◽  
pp. 603-617 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Time Level ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tentative Correlation

Temperate and cold stages comparable to those of the last interglacial-glacial have alternated for ca . 2.4 Ma, a time-level regarded as the base of the Quaternary. A curve showing climatic fluctuations according to a number of glacials, interglacials, and temperate oscillations of small amplitude or short duration (interstadials) is given, and the value of pollen records in this context is discussed. Because the position of the individual intervals with known vegetational development on the total timescale is controlled by superposition, the lithostratigraphic position of some of them is reviewed. Basic differences in vegetational evolution between the Tiglian, Waalian, and later interglacials, as well as the extinction of certain trees at around the time of the transition of the Early-Middle Pleistocene, probably indicate lower temperatures during the glacials which have occurred in the past million years. Although the established record shows some resemblance to the oxygen-isotope curve of the deep sea, precise correlation is not yet possible. A tentative correlation is discussed.

Sustainable approach towards the new EU-Sugar Market era

2016 ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arend Wittenberg ◽  
Menno Roukema ◽  
Jan L.M. Struijs ◽  
Olaf van Baal
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Sugar Market ◽  
Strong Market Position ◽  
Growth Scaling ◽  
The Given

Suiker Unie focuses on a strong market position in Northwest Europe at the lowest possible production costs for sugar. The company tries to achieve this by giving attention to the entire production chain. An important pillar of this mission is sustainability. During the recent years Suiker Unie developed a Masterplan to prepare its factories for the new market situation after 2017. In line with Cosun’s strategy of profitable growth, scaling up production capacity of beet factories was defined as goal of this Masterplan. The ambition of reduction of production costs and sustainability (e.g. carbon-footprint) was translated into the challenging constraint to increase the capacity growth within the given steam supply and the actual odour and noise emissions. Based on a thorough bottleneck study a portfolio of measures for each factory is defined, grouped into debottlenecking, energy saving, optimization and environmental projects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document