scholarly journals Ring-opening polymerization

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Penczek ◽  
Julia Pretula ◽  
Stanislaw Slomkowski
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Monomeric Unit ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Cyclic Ethers ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Cyclic Monomer ◽  
Cyclic Nitrogen ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract Ring-opening polymerization is defined by IUPAC (Penczek, S., Moad, G. (2008). Glossary of the terms related to kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms of polymerization. (IUPAC Recommendations 2008), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 80(10), 2163–2193) as (cit.) “Ring-opening polymerization (ROP): Polymerization in which a cyclic monomer yields a monomeric unit that is either acyclic or contains fewer rings than the cyclic monomer”. The large part of the resulting polymerizations is living/controlled; practically all belong to chain polymerizations. After the introduction, providing basic information on chain polymerizations, the paper presents the concise overview of major classes of monomers used in ROP, including cyclic ethers, esters, carbonates, and siloxanes as well as cyclic nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur containing monomers. There are discussed also thermodynamics, kinetic polymerizability, and major mechanisms of ROP. Special attention is concentrated on polymers prepared by ROP on industrial scale.

Ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ethers initiated by benzazaphosphole-W(CO)5/silver hexafluoroantimonate

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ghalib ◽  
Sergej Lysenko ◽  
Peter G. Jones ◽  
Joachim W. Heinicke
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Cyclic Ethers

scholarly journals Gallium and indium complexes for ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ethers, esters and carbonates

2013 ◽  
Vol 257 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1869-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Dagorne ◽  
Mickael Normand ◽  
Evgeny Kirillov ◽  
Jean-François Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Cyclic Ethers ◽  
Indium Complexes

The double ring-opening polymerization of sulfur containing spiro orthocarbonates

Polymer ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (23) ◽  
pp. 6539-6543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark K. Bromley ◽  
David H. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Synthesis of main chain sulfur-containing aliphatic polycarbonates by organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of macrocyclic carbonates

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (38) ◽  
pp. 5191-5199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingkun Yan ◽  
Jiaqian Hou ◽  
Chao Wei ◽  
Yan Xiao ◽  
Meidong Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Sulfur Containing

The first application of organocatalysts is reported to achieve highly active and living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of thioether-based macrocyclic carbonates for preparing well-defined main chain thioether functional APCs.

scholarly journals Enhanced Anticancer Efficacy of Chemotherapy by Amphiphilic Y-Shaped Polypeptide Micelles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Hua ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Yuanhao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cyclic Monomer ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Although the treatment modalities of cancers are developing rapidly, chemotherapy is still the primary treatment strategy for most solid cancers. The progress in nanotechnology provides an opportunity to upregulate the tumor suppression efficacy and decreases the systemic toxicities. As a promising nanoplatform, the polymer micelles are fascinating nanocarriers for the encapsulation and delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. The chemical and physical properties of amphiphilic co-polymers could significantly regulate the performances of the micellar self-assembly and affect the behaviors of controlled release of drugs. Herein, two amphiphilic Y-shaped polypeptides are prepared by the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic monomer l-leucine N-carboxyanhydride (l-Leu NCA) initiated by a dual-amino-ended macroinitiator poly(ethylene glycol) [mPEG-(NH2)2]. The block co-polypeptides with PLeu8 and PLeu16 segments could form spontaneously into micelles in an aqueous solution with hydrodynamic radii of 80.0 ± 6.0 and 69.1 ± 4.8 nm, respectively. The developed doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles could release the payload in a sustained pattern and inhibit the growth of xenografted human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma with decreased systemic toxicity. The results demonstrated the great potential of polypeptide micellar formulations in cancer therapy clinically.

Cationic indium complexes for the copolymerization of functionalized epoxides with cyclic ethers and lactide

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (23) ◽  
pp. 3347-3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Diaz ◽  
Tannaz Ebrahimi ◽  
Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Cyclic Ethers ◽  
Indium Complexes ◽  
Salen Complexes ◽  
Kinetic Investigations

Cationic indium salen complexes are active catalysts for the ring opening polymerization of epoxides and other less strained cyclic ethers. Moreover, they are competent catalysts in the copolymerization of rac-lactide and epoxides to high molecular weight copolymers. Preliminary kinetic investigations with different cationic complexes revealed subtle effects of their solvent donors in the initiation rates of polymerization of epoxides.

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