scholarly journals Economic Effects Real Estate Tax

ECONOMICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Milan Tadić
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Tax

Summary The real estate tax is usually a fiscal instrument which performs the property tax. When it comes to real property or immovable this term include: apartments, houses, land, cottages, excess housing landscape and more. The real estate tax as a form of the fiscal charges ownership or use of certain forms of real estate, and the revenue from this tax is levied on the area where the property is located regardless of the place of residence of its owner. The tax base for the calculation of this tax usually consists of the market, estimated or annuity value of certain real estate. This form of taxation in the Republic of Serbian applies from 1.1.2012., and its introduction has been replaced by former property taxes. The differences between the two concepts mentioned taxes are numerous and significant. Among the more important are: subject to taxation under the new concept of the real estate rather than law, a taxpayer is any property owner rather than the holder of rights to immovable property tax base is the market value of real estate which is replaced by the payment of taxes per square meter of usable area, the rate of property tax is determined local government, which can not be lower than 0.05% of the estimated value of the real estate nor higher than 0.5% of the appraised value of real estate. The last change, ie. The new law on Property Tax from 5.11.2015. was determined by the tax rate to 20%. The fact that local governments each of them determines the tax rate on real estate which range from high to low rates of multiple, makes this tax is progressive. Progression is particularly expressed in the distinction applied tax rates of developed and undeveloped municipalities, where we have a case that less developed tolerate a higher tax burden, which leads to negative economic effects. However, real estate tax has its own economic and social characteristics which must be aligned with the objectives of tax policy. This means that the real estate tax should be considered from the standpoint of the entire tax system and not from the standpoint of individual income tax forms.

The Draft Reform of Land Taxation in the Czech Republic

10.4335/170 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Radvan
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Land Taxation ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
Ad Valorem

The article is a reaction to the intention of the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic to propose a draft amendment to the Real Estate Tax Act, which could cause a revolution in the assessment of tax base. After outlining the different models for tax base and tax rate assessment of land tax and characterizing the currently valid legal regulation, the article analyses critically the intended draft amendment to the Real Estate Tax Act, which aims to introduce the ad valorem system of land taxation. It is expected that the most effective method will be used in the future, i.e. tax base maps compiled by municipalities as the beneficiaries of real estate tax. The article describes the disadvantages of the ad valorem system of land taxation and highlights the advantages of the intended changes.

Problematic Aspects of Determining the Surface Area of Grounds, Buildings and Premises for Cadastre and Real Estate Taxation Purposes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Benduch
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
Estate Taxation ◽  
Real Estate Tax

Real estate cadastre is commonly recognized as a register of an actual state in the range of grounds, buildings and premises. It contains data which represent a standardized description of their fundamental attributes like location or surface area. According to the Geodetic and Cartographic Law, data contained in the cadastre are a base of the real estate taxation. However, this record may be recognized as fulfilled only in the case of cadastral parcel. In Poland, due to the separate rules of calculating buildings and premises usable floor area for the purposes of the real estate tax base assessment, which have been imposed by the Act of 12 January 1991 on Taxes and Local Fees, data revealed in the cadastre are unused. This article constitutes an attempt to compare the rules related to procedure of computing surface area of grounds, buildings and premises for cadastre and real estate taxation purposes in Poland. Author pays attention, inter alia, into a problem of a proper identification of spaces which are classified in whole or in part to the building usable floor area, depending on ensuing circumstances. The issue of methodology of calculating usable floor area of buildings and premises is analyzed as well. The complement of performed research constitutes a comparison between surface area of selected objects revealed in the cadastre and their equivalents which formed the basis for performed activities related to the determination of the real estate tax base assessment.

scholarly journals Agricultural Land On Built-Up Housing Lots and the Incomes of Communes: An Example of Rokietnica Commune in the Poznań Agglomeration

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Maćkiewicz ◽  
Cecylia Karalus-Wiatr
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
Agricultural Use

Abstract The strong connection between urbanisation processes and the transformation of farmland into built-up areas - mostly residential - has already been tackled in the literature. Still, in Poland this process of farmland loss, generally thought to be irreversible, occurs in a specific, often irrational and not fully registered way. What is more, this development is favoured by legislation, especially rules controlling the exclusion of land from agricultural production and real-estate taxation. Among the many detrimental consequences of those regulations are incomes of communes lower than they should be. The problem tackled in the article is that of the exclusion from agricultural use of only fragments of geodetic lots on which building investments are going on. The cost of the exclusion and the difference in the rates of the agricultural tax and the real-estate tax very often result in the exclusion of only a part of a lot, while the rest of it is formally still in agricultural use, even though its owner does not conduct any agricultural activity there. In this case two taxes have to be paid from one lot: the real-estate tax, on the land taken out of agricultural use and the building erected on it, and another, the agricultural tax, on land that is still a piece of farmland. This situation, especially in areas undergoing rapid urban sprawl, is common in Poland and has unfavourable consequences for the incomes of communes. It also leads to a discrepancy between data from the real-estate cadastre and the actual area of land in agricultural use, which greatly hampers an exact measurement and control of the real losses of land performing the agricultural function, including that with high-quality soils. The conducted research demonstrated that in 2014 nearly 7% (927) of all geodetic lots in Rokietnica commune, situated in the immediate neighbourhood of Poznań, were builtup housing lots, mostly carrying detached single-family houses, with fragments of farmland. Almost a half (49.4%) of the total area of those lots, 42 ha, was still agricultural land in the real-estate cadastre and subject to taxation not by the real-estate tax, but the much lower agricultural tax. Because of this difference in the two taxes, the annual receipts of the commune budget are 186,601 zlotys (43,395 euro) lower. It also turned out that more than 50% of farmland on those lots (21.8 ha) was arable land of the good land-capability class III, which is high for the conditions in the Poznań agglomeration. This not only corroborates the findings of earlier studies highlighting significant losses of good-quality arable land taking place as a result of urban sprawl, but it also means that in the Polish conditions actual losses are much higher than would follow from records in the real-estate cadastre. It can also be stated that the Polish legal rules not only fail to adequately protect farmland situated within metropolitan areas, but even favour its excessive loss.

scholarly journals Research on the Strategy to Actively Promote Real Estate Tax Reform in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhenyi Xu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
The Real Estate Market ◽  
Real Estate Tax

Since the abolition of the welfare housing distribution policy and the implementation of the monetary reform of the housing system in 1998, there has even been a bubble phenomenon despite the rapid development of the Chinese real estate market. However, considering that the reform of real estate tax will affect the whole system, and there are still various disputes about real estate tax in society, the Chinese government is very slow in real estate tax reform. Given this, under the background that the State Council has been authorized by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress to pilot real estate tax reform, it is still necessary to explore the legitimacy of China’s real estate tax reform promotion. In general, under the background of solidly promoting common prosperity, resolutely implementing the policy of “housing to live without speculation,” and promoting the stable and healthy development of the real estate market, coupled with the fact that the real estate market has already seen a severe bubble phenomenon. China’s active promotion of real estate tax reform has a solid theoretical and practical basis and has urgency and feasibility.

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