scholarly journals Comparison of Supervised-learning Models for Infant Cry Classification / Vergleich von Klassifikationsmodellen zur Säuglingsschreianalyse

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Fuhr ◽  
Henning Reetz ◽  
Carla Wegener
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Diagnostic Purpose ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Damage Classification ◽  
Infant Cry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Infant Cries ◽  
Accuracy Degree

AbstractCries of infants can be seen as an indicator for several developmental diseases. Different types of classification algorithms have been used in the past to classify infant cries of healthy infants and those with developmental diseases. To determine the ability of classification models to discriminate between healthy infant cries and various cries of infants suffering from several diseases, a literature search for infant cry classification models was performed; 9 classification models were identified that have been used for infant cry classification in the past. These classification models, as well as 3 new approaches were applied to a reference dataset containing cries of healthy infants and cries of infants suffering from laryngomalacia, cleft lip and palate, hearing impairment, asphyxia and brain damage. Classification models were evaluated according to a rating schema, considering the aspects accuracy, degree of overfitting and conformability. Results indicate that many models have issues with accuracy and conformability. However, some of the models, like C5.0 decision trees and J48 classification trees provide promising results in infant cry classification for diagnostic purpose.

scholarly journals Comparison of Supervised-Learning Models and Auditory Discrimination of Infant Cries for the Early Detection of Developmental Disorders / Vergleich von Supervised-Learning Klassifikationsmodellen und menschlicher auditiver Diskriminationsfähigkeit zur Unterscheidung von Säuglingsschreien mit kongenitalen Entwicklungsstörungen

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-18
Author(s):  
Tanja Fuhr ◽  
Henning Reetz ◽  
Carla Wegener
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Auditory Discrimination ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Infant Cry ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Listening Experiment ◽  
Infant Cries

Abstract Infant cry classification can be performed in two ways: computational classification of cries or auditory discrimination by human listeners. This article compares both approaches. An auditory listening experiment was performed to examine if various listener groups (naive listeners, parents, nurses/midwives and therapists) were able to distinguish auditorily between healthy and pathological cries as well as to differentiate various pathologies from each other. Listeners were trained in hearing cries of healthy infants and cries of infants suffering from cleft-lip-and-palate, hearing impairment, laryngomalacia, asphyxia and brain damage. After training, a listening experiment was performed by allocating 18 infant cries to the cry groups. Multiple supervised-learning classifications models were calculated on the base of the cries’ acoustic properties. The accuracy of the models was compared to the accuracy of the human listeners. With a Kappa value of 0.491, listeners allocated the cries to the healthy and the five pathological groups with moderate performance. With a sensitivity of 0.64 and a specificity of 0.89, listeners were able to identify that a cry is a pathological one with higher confidence than separating between the single pathologies. Generalized linear mixed models found no significant differences between the classification accuracy of the listener groups. Significant differences between the pathological cry types were found. Supervised-learning classification models performed significantly better than the human listeners in classifying infant cries. The models reached an overall Kappa value of up to 0.837.

Impressions in Cleft Lip and Palate – A Novel Two Stage Technique

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharat Chandra Pani ◽  
Amitha Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Presurgical Orthopedics

Though the field of presurgical orthopedics for the management of children with cleft Lip and Palate (CLAP)has made great advances over the past few decades, little is found in literature regarding the imressions required to fabricate these appliances. The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel two stage technique utilizing greenstick compound and addition silicone impression material to provide a safe, economical and accurate method for recording impressions in children with cleft lip and palate.

OrthoAligner “NAM”: A Case Series of Presurgical Infant Orthopedics (PSIO) Using Clear Aligners

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Batra ◽  
Bruno Frazāo Gribel ◽  
B. A. Abhinav ◽  
Anika Arora ◽  
Sreevatsan Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Infant Orthopedics

Presurgical infant orthopedics (PSIO) is done to reduce the size of the cleft defect along with improving the arch alignment and nasolabial aesthetics in patients with cleft lip and palate, leading to an improvement of nasolabial aesthetics allowing for a tidier and more aesthetic reparative procedure and postsurgical scar. Since the 2000s, clear aligners have slowly and steadily treaded their way as an acceptable orthodontic modality, with their usage and acceptability increasing considerably over the past decade. Thus, from the knowledge gathered in its 10 years working with 3-dimensional (3-D) diagnosis, treatment planning, and 3-D Printing services, Compass 3D (Belo Horizonte, Brazil) developed the OrthoAligner NAM system. This case series highlights one of the world’s first documented cases of PSIO treated with a series of clear aligners.

Cleft Lip and Palate in the Arts: A Critical Reflection

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Saman ◽  
Justin Gross ◽  
Alexander Ovchinsky ◽  
Donald Wood-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Facial Deformity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Social

Background The aesthetics of facial structure are used by humans to measure one's beauty, character, and overall “goodness.” Individuals born with cleft lip and/or palate are often stigmatized and face much psychosocial adversity. Social attitudes and beliefs have a direct impact upon the psychological development of these individuals. Such social norms are in large part shaped by the physical representations of “good” and “attractive” in various art media including films, advertisements, and paintings. Objective Individuals born with a cleft have been portrayed in the artworks of different eras. The light in which they are portrayed stems from the prevalent beliefs of each period and sheds light on the social attitudes of each epoch toward clefts. Here we discuss the social and psychological ramifications of these works. We then review several artworks representing cleft lip and/or palate and propose an active role for the artist in shaping social attitudes regarding facial deformities. Methods Numerous articles and works of arts were examined and inspected for signs of facial deformity, with particular attention to cleft lip and/or palate. Conclusion Social media have an important role in defining the norms of society. Much of the art of the past has depicted negatively individuals born with cleft lip and/or palate deformity, thus excluding them from the norm. In order to decrease the negative social stigmas of cleft lip and/or palate, it is now the responsibility of society to widen its range of norms to include individuals born with these deformities through “normal” representations in the various media.

An Intraoperative Rescue Procedure for the Protruding Premaxilla in the Repair of Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip: Rapid Premaxillary Molding

2020 ◽  
pp. 105566562093848
Author(s):  
Kyung Hoon Chung ◽  
Nobuhiro Sato ◽  
Pang-Yun Chou ◽  
Lun-Jou Lo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Muscle Repair ◽  
Primary Reconstruction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
Rescue Procedure

Background: Primary reconstruction of complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) with protruding premaxilla in one-stage surgery is challenging because of the tension on muscle repair. Such patients are also common in the developing countries. For this condition, we have applied intraoperative “rapid premaxillary molding (RPM)” technique and obtained satisfactory results. Methods: We reviewed the data of patients with complete BCLP with protruding premaxilla applying intraoperative RPM including both our institution and cleft missions to developing countries in the past 20 years. Selection criteria were patients receiving either no or insufficient preoperative molding presenting with significant protruding premaxilla, had consecutive follow-ups after surgery. To perform this technique, the surgeon holds the patient’s face with both hands and compresses the protruding premaxilla with both thumbs. An intermittent but stable backward pressure is applied to the premaxilla until the segment is gradually flexible. Repeated compression is performed prior to tying the muscle sutures, at which time the premaxilla is retro-positioned and aligned with the lateral maxillary segments. Pre- and postoperative data were evaluated. Results: We have treated a total of 60 patients with complete BCLP with protruding premaxilla applying intraoperative RPM. All patients tolerated the operations and there were no major intra- and postoperative complications including lip dehiscence and vomer fracture. All of them had satisfactory results such as adequate muscle repair and symmetry of the lip and nostrils. Conclusion: The RPM is a reliable and valuable intraoperative adjunct procedure for patients with complete BCLP presenting the protrusive premaxilla.

scholarly journals Natural history and epidemiology of cleft lip and palate: a registry-based study in Iran (2000-19)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Biabani ◽  
Saeed Dastgiri ◽  
Elham Davtalabesmaeili
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The Past ◽  
Registry System ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Northwest Region

The aim of this study was to provide the natural history and epidemiology of cleft lip and cleft palate in the northwest region of Iran between 2000 and 2019. Since 2000, infants born with birth defects have been registered in the Tabriz Registry of Congenital Anomalies (TRoCA). For this study, the information and data were collected using the TRoCA registry system. Prevalence of cleft lip and cleft palate was 1.48 (95% CI 1.34; 1.62) per 1000 live births over the past two decades in the region. The occurrence of cleft lip and cleft palate was more common in males than females. The fetal death ratio was 5 percent of live born children. The proportion of infants with cleft lip and cleft palate surviving to the second week was 54 percent. The results may have a role in planning and evaluating the strategies for primary prevention of cleft lip and cleft palate, particularly in high-risk populations.

Digital Surface Photogrammetry for Anthropometric Analysis of the Cleft Infant Face

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Krimmel ◽  
Susanne Kluba ◽  
Margit Bacher ◽  
Klaus Dietz ◽  
Siegmar Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Deformity ◽  
Alar Base ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Base Width ◽  
Plaster Casts

Objective To analyze the three-dimensional morphology of the cleft infant face with digital surface photogrammetry. Design Fifty plaster casts of unoperated infants with cleft lip and palate were imaged three-dimensionally with digital surface photogrammetry. Twenty-one standard craniofacial measurements were taken. The plaster casts were divided into 4 groups with unilateral, bilateral, complete, and incomplete clefts of the lip and palate. The measurements were compared with standard values for healthy infants. Results Significant differences (p < .0025) were found for the alar base width (33% to 55%), the alar base root width (59% to 103%), the width of the nose (7% to 25%), the length of the alar wing (18% to 25%), and the intercanthal (6% to 17%) and biocular (4% to 12%) width, depending on the cleft type. The vertical dimensions of the nose and the upper lip did not differ significantly from the controls. Conclusion This study describes preliminary data on the cleft infant facial deformity. The obtained results were mainly in agreement with data in the limited literature. Three-dimensional photogrammetry has proven to be reliable and can be applied more readily to potentially uncooperative patients.

Birth Prevalence of Cleft Lip and Palate in Northern Ireland (1981 to 2000)

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Gregg ◽  
A. G. Leonard ◽  
C. Hayden ◽  
K. E. Howard ◽  
C. F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The Past

Objective: The prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in Northern Ireland (NI) was last reported for 1980 through 1990. This study was undertaken to update the prevalence of CL/P in NI for the 20-year period 1981 to 2000, to determine the pattern of prevalence, and to report the proportion of different cleft types and sex distribution. Design: Retrospective, population-based analysis. Patients/participants: All live born children with CL/P in NI from 1981 to 2000 were included. A total of 750 cases were identified. Resident births outside NI, stillbirths, abortuses, and children born with atypical orofacial clefts were excluded. Those with syndromes and submucous clefts were included in the study. Results: The overall prevalence of children born with CL/P within NI for the period 1981 to 2000 was 1.47 per 1000 live births, or 1:682. This was consistent with the findings reported by other U.K. studies. There were no significant changes in the prevalence rates over any 5-year period. No significant seasonality trends were noted. Clefts of the palate only were always in the majority. More boys than girls were affected by cleft lip with or without cleft palate. There was a significant left-sided predilection for unilateral clefting of the lip. Conclusions: There have been no significant changes in the birth prevalence of children born with CL/P or the distribution or laterality of cleft type in the NI population during the past 20 years.

Presurgical Orthopedic Premaxillary Alignment in Cleft Lip and Palate Reconstruction

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Papay ◽  
Louis Morales ◽  
David S. Motoki ◽  
Duane K. Yamashiro
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Surgical Closure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Submucosal Tunnel ◽  
Nasal Floor ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
Palate Repair ◽  
A New Technique

Premaxillary malposition is a difficult problem in cleft lip and palate repair. Orthopedic palatal devices are excellent in positioning the premaxilla, though they are somewhat cumbersome and require complex techniques in adjusting precisely the position of the premaxilla prior to repair. A new technique has been developed for premaxillary repositioning in conjunction with palatal shelf expansion and obturation. The procedure implements microplate fixation anterior to the premaxillary segment and linked to a palatal splint by adjustable elastics. The microplate is Inserted through a nasal floor incision and secured by a tight submucosal tunnel through minimal dissection between the prolabium and premaxllla. The last hole of each mlcroplate protrudes through the mucosa and is attached to a pin-retained palatal splint by an elastic chain. Differential tension is applied to the chains to allow gradual repositioning of the protruding maxilla while the splint expands and maintains positioning of the lateral palatal segments. These elastic retractors can be adjusted by staff in the outpatient office. During the past 2 years, this technique has been used successfully in 21 consecutive patients with unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate. Its technical ease and design allows simple adjustments to control premaxillary positioning and growth before definitive surgical closure.

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