Verteilungswirkungen von Umweltsteuern. Konzeptionelle Überlegungen und einige empirische Ergebnisse / Distributional Effects of Eco Taxes. Concepts and Empirical Results

1994 ◽  
Vol 213 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Hochmuth ◽  
Rudi Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Distributional Effects ◽  
Empirical Results

ZusammenfassungUmweltprobleme sind immer zugleich auch Probleme der Verteilung. Dieser Sichtweise wurde in der Diskussion um Umweltsteuern in der Vergangenheit zu wenig Bedeutung beigemessen. Es wird untersucht, welche unterschiedlichen Verteilungsänderungen sich bei der Einführung von Umweltsteuern ergeben. Anhand des Beispiels der gleichzeitigen Erhöhung der Mineralölsteuer und der km-Pauschale für Fahrten zwischen Wohnung und Arbeitsstätte, wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob verteilungspolitische Kompensationen von Ökosteuerbelastungen möglich sind, ohne das umweltpolitische Ziel zu verletzen. Die Simulationen auf der Basis von Mikrodaten aus Baden-Württemberg belegen die Möglichkeit einer solchen Politik und geben damit Hinweise auf weitergehende Handlungsmöglichkeiten des Gesetzgebers.

The Effect of Anticipated and Unanticipated Inflation on Income Distribution: The Israeli Case

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Silber ◽  
B.Z. Zilderfarb
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Lower Half ◽  
Distributional Effects ◽  
Income Share ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Expected Inflation ◽  
Unanticipated Inflation ◽  
Unexpected Inflation

This paper examines the distributional effects of inflation and unemployment in Israel. Unlike previous studies, it distinguishes between the effect of expected and unexpected inflation, arguing that the latter should have a stronger effect. The empirical results show that a deterioration in macroeconomic conditions (a rise in inflation and/or unemployment) reduces the income share of the lower half of Israeli households and increases the income share of the wealthiest 20 per cent. The effect of unanticipated inflation is found, indeed, to be 67 per cent stronger than that of expected inflation.

Neuroscience and Ethics

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matthew Liao
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Joshua Greene

Abstract. A number of people believe that results from neuroscience have the potential to settle seemingly intractable debates concerning the nature, practice, and reliability of moral judgments. In particular, Joshua Greene has argued that evidence from neuroscience can be used to advance the long-standing debate between consequentialism and deontology. This paper first argues that charitably interpreted, Greene’s neuroscientific evidence can contribute to substantive ethical discussions by being part of an epistemic debunking argument. It then argues that taken as an epistemic debunking argument, Greene’s argument falls short in undermining deontological judgments. Lastly, it proposes that accepting Greene’s methodology at face value, neuroimaging results may in fact call into question the reliability of consequentialist judgments. The upshot is that Greene’s empirical results do not undermine deontology and that Greene’s project points toward a way by which empirical evidence such as neuroscientific evidence can play a role in normative debates.

Development of Strength-Based Youth Mentoring: Historical And Theoretical Perspectives, Empirical Results, and Policy Implications

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bruce Thompson ◽  
Maryann Corsello ◽  
Samuel McReynolds ◽  
Bernice Conklin-Powers ◽  
Brittany Morley
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Youth Mentoring ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Strength Based

Preferences over Sequences-Empirical Results from Musical Sequences

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Baucells ◽  
Daniel Smith ◽  
Martin Weber
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Results

The Effects of Employment Protection legislationon Personnel Policies: A Review of Theoretical Modelsand Empirical results

2014 ◽  
pp. 126-140
Author(s):  
O. Mironenko
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Labour Contracts ◽  
Hiring And Firing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Personnel Policies

Employers incur costs while fulfilling the requirements of employment protection legislation. The article contains a review of the core theoretical models and empirical results concerning the impact of these costs on firms’ practices in hiring, firing, training and remuneration. Overall, if wages are flexible or enforcement is weak, employment protection does not significantly influence employers’ behavior. Otherwise, stringent employment protection results in the reduction of hiring and firing rates, changes in personnel selection criteria, types of labour contracts and dismissal procedures, and, in some cases, it may lead to the growth of wages and firms’ investments to human capital.

Human Capital Accumulation and Resource Abundance

2011 ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
O. Vasilieva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Crowd Out

Does resource abundance positively affect human capital accumulation? Or, alternatively, does it «crowd out» the human capital leading to the deterioration of economic growth? The paper gives an overview of the relevant literature and discusses both theoretical and empirical results obtained regarding the connection between human capital accumulation and resource abundance. It shows that despite some theoretical predictions about the harmful effect of resource abundance on human capital accumulation, unambiguous evidence of such impact that would be robust with respect to the change of resource abundance parameter has not been obtained yet.

A comparative analysis of the lay-friendliness of Danish EU patient information leaflets from 2000 to 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Askehave ◽  
Karen Korning Zethsen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Patient Information Leaflet ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Information Leaflet ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Patient Information Leaflets ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

Since becoming mandatory in the EU in 1992, the patient information leaflet (PIL) has been the subject of an on-going discussion regarding its ability to provide easily understandable information. This study examines whether the lay-friendliness of Danish PILs has improved from 2000 to 2012 according to the Danish consumers. A reproduction of a questionnaire study from 2000 was carried out. The responses of the 2012 survey were compared to those of the 2000 survey and the analysis showed that Danes are less inclined to read the PIL in 2012 compared to 2000 and that the general interest in PILs has decreased. The number of respondents who deem the PIL easy to read has gone down. According to Danish consumers, the lay-friendliness of PILs has not improved from 2000 to 2012 and a very likely explanation could be that the PIL as a genre has become far too regulated and complex to live up to its original intentions. On the basis of the empirical results the article furthermore offers suggestions for practice changes.

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