Aspects of Die Geometry Influencing Drawability of Metals During Wire Drawing: A Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floyd Banda ◽  
Levy Siaminwe ◽  
Henry M. Mwenda
Keyword(s):  
Steel Wire ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Die Geometry ◽  
Wire Ropes ◽  
Drawing Die ◽  
Wire Meshes ◽  
Metal Wires

AbstractDrawn metal wires such as copper cables, aluminium wires and steel wires have found several applications which have an impact on the domestic and commercial economic uses, namely power cables, welding cables, wire ropes, wire meshes, electrode and filler wire, etc. All these applications require the use of good quality wires. However, this is not easily achieved since wire production faces many challenges. The influence of the drawing die on drawability and the need to maintain the required quality characteristics of the wire stand out among these challenges. This paper gives a background to wire drawing by highlighting the challenges of attaining the required drawability and quality characteristics during wire drawing. It was found from the literature that the draw die geometry has the greatest influence on the quality of copper, aluminium and steel wire products.

scholarly journals Influence of a modified drawing process on the resulting residual stress state of cold drawn wire

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Markus Baumann ◽  
Alexander Graf ◽  
René Selbmann ◽  
Katrin Brömmelhoff ◽  
Verena Kräusel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Die Geometry ◽  
Residual Stress State ◽  
Drawing Die ◽  
Process Modification ◽  
The Wire

Torsion bars are used in automotive engineering as well as in other industrial applications. Such elements are produced by bending cold drawn wires. In conventional drawing processes tensile residual stresses occur near the surface of the wire. Small bending radii, which are required in limited assembly spaces, result in component failure due to reduced formability. Additional operations such as heat treatment or shot peening are necessary to influence the residual stress of the wire and to improve the dynamic stability of the torsion bar. The aim of the research is to reduce tensile residual stresses near the surface of the wire in order to eliminate process steps and to enhance formability. Therefore, a forming technology is developed by using a modified drawing die geometry on the basis of gradation extrusion. Finite element simulation is used to investigate the influences of element geometry, number of elements and process modification on the resulting residual stresses after wire drawing of a steel alloy. The results are evaluated and compared with the conventional wire drawing process. Furthermore, the requirements for the design of an experimental test device will be outlined as well as the measurement of the residual stresses by using X-ray diffraction.

Beech sapling architecture following small and medium gap disturbances in silver fir-beech old-growth forests in Slovenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurij Diaci ◽  
Lahorka Kozjek
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Relative Light Intensity ◽  
Stem Bending ◽  
Negative Effect

The objective of our research was to examine the effect of canopy shading on beech sapling architecture in the oldgrowth silver fir-beech forests of Pecka and Rajhenavski Rog. In August 2003 we sampled one plot (352 m2) in a large gap in Pecka, which was a result of a strong windstorm in 1983, and eight small gaps (26–78 m2) with similar sapling heights (3.8–8 m). A ground view of each gap was drawn including the characteristics of gap border trees and the density of separate sapling layers was recorded. The height and diameter were measured for each sapling, as well as the following quality characteristics on selected dominant saplings: width of the crown,number of larger branches and knots (>1/3 DBH), intensity of stem bending, deviation from vertical growth, number of terminal shoots, and the type of damage. The results show a negative effect of high canopy shading (estimated relative light intensity was below 5%) on the architectural quality of saplings. A lower overall density of saplings, greater intensity of bending and deviation from vertical growth, a shorter stem length without branches, a larger number of saplings with two terminal shoots, and a larger number of damaged saplings were observed in small gaps.

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