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Published By Fsue Vniims All-Russian Research Institute Of Metrological Service

0368-1025, 0368-1025

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yu. Lohanina ◽  
Olga V. Baranova ◽  
Larisa V. Trubacheva

The problem of insufficient detail of the requirements for the developed and certified measurement methods used in mechanical testing of various materials is considered. The compatibility of the requirements of metrological support for the results of quantitative chemical analysis and indirect results of mechanical tests for the wear resistance of materials when rubbing against a fixed abrasive is relevant. To ensure the accuracy of measurements, it is proposed to use the grain size of the abrasive material and the rotation speed of the abrasive disk as variable factors. In order to establish the requirements for the metrological characteristics of materials during mechanical tests, in particular, when determining the relative wear resistance, the conditions for precision measurements are justified. The results of a multi-stage experiment-testing of materials for wear resistance with the use of various research and consumables, measuring instruments and testing equipment are presented. The conditions for the organization of the experiment in the case of determining other relative mechanical characteristics of the materials under study for establishing precision indicators in the development of methods of mechanical tests for abrasive wear are proposed and justified. The application of the obtained results will allow developers of mechanical testing methods to establish metrological characteristics of materials in compliance with all the requirements of the State System for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements of the Russian Federation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Andrei A. Burdakin ◽  
Valerii R. Gavrilov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Us ◽  
Vitalii S. Bormashov

The problem of ensuring stability of Earth observation space-borne instruments undertaking long-term temperature measurements within thermal IR spectral range is described. For in-flight reliable control of the space-borne IR instruments characteristics the stability of onboard reference sources should be improved. The function of these high-stable sources will be executed by novel onboard blackbodies, incorporating the melt↔freeze phase transition phenomenon, currently being developed. As a part of these works the task of realizing an on-orbit calibration scale within the dynamic temperature range of Earth observation systems 210−350 K based on fixed-point phase transition temperatures of a number of potentially suitable substances is advanced. The corresponding series of the onboard reference blackbodies will be set up on the basis of the on-orbit calibration scale fixed points. It is shown that the achievement of the target lies in carrying out a number of in-flight experiments with the selected fixed points and the prospective onboard fixed-point blackbodies prototypes. The new In-Bi eutectic alloy melt temperature fixed point (~345 K) is proposed as the significant fixed points of the future on-orbit calibration scale. The results of the new fixed point preliminary laboratory studies have been analyzed. The results allowed to start preparation of the in-flight experiments investigating the In-Bi alloy for the purpose of its application in the novel onboard reference sources.


2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Petr A. Pavlov ◽  
Elena M. Ivashchenko

A scanning device for a space-based environmental monitoring system has been investigated. The main attention is paid to the study of the parameters of the angular motion of the mirror of the scanning device, the uniformity of rotation of which largely determines the quality of the image of the Earth's surface. The principle and results of measuring the parameters of the mirror rotation carried out in a wide angular range are considered. The measurements were performed using a dynamic goniometer-autocollimator, which has been calibrated at the State Standard of Plane Angle Unit GET 22-2014. The repeatability of the average angular velocity of the scanning device mirror and the repeatability of the initial scanning angle are calculated. Nonstationarity in mathematical expectation and variance in random deviations of the angular motion of the mirror from the linear law of scanning is noted. The use of wavelet analysis revealed the frequency of excitation of oscillations in the low-frequency region of the spectrum. The possibility of using the a dynamic goniometer-autocollimator for measuring not only the angular position of the scanning device mirror, but also the angular velocity is shown.


2021 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Il'ya A. Meshchikhin ◽  
Sergej S. Gavryushin

As part of the development of monitoring systems for the operation of technical objects, the problem of improving the quality of monitoring systems for the loaded state is considered. Based on the analysis of the mathematical model of the structure and its loading, a methodology for the selection of measuring instruments was developed. The urgency of the problem of calculating substantiation of the choice of key points of the structure is shown, at which it is possible to measure deformations for the subsequent restoration of the existing loads with maximum accuracy. An approach based on the envelope method for determining the rational composition of measuring instruments for restoring the loads acting on the structure is stated.


2021 ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Nikolay N. Vasilyuk ◽  
Alexander P. Chervonkin

The problem of the synchronization of onboard clocks of navigation satellites has considered from a relativistic point of view using the concept of “coordinate simultaneity”. This concept allows an unambiguous interpretation of the synchronization results within the framework of general relativity. The algorithm of intersatellite measurements processing has formulated in terms of a proper time of a space vehicle and the coordinate time of a reference frame. Rules of transformation between coordinate and proper time scales have indicated. An analytical expression has obtained for the periodic relativistic correction to the estimated value of the relative clock drift. This correction has expressed in terms of the coordinate time of a ground observer. The value of this correction exceeds the acceptable synchronization error and should be taken into account for the inter-satellite measurements processing. The error of the relativistic correction determination has calculated. This error provides an upper limit for the period of uploading of ephemeris data on the board of the space vehicle.


2021 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Aleksandr I. Kaz'min

The issues of experimental determination of electrodynamic parameters of existing and new synthesized materials and coatings used in the microwave range are highlighted. Problems arising from measurements of the electrophysical and geometric parameters of dielectric and magnetodielectric coatings, taking into account their placement on a metal substrate, by radio wave methods are considered. We present the new radio wave method of joint measurements of the frequency dependence of the complex permittivity, the frequency dependence of the complex magnetic permeability, and the thickness of plane-layered samples of dielectric and magnetodielectric coatings on a metal substrate. Determination of electrophysical and geometric parameters of the coating in the proposed method is reduced to minimizing the objective function constructed based on the discrepancy between the experimental and design theoretical values of the attenuation coefficients of surface electromagnetic wave fields on a grid of discrete frequencies. The simulation model of measurements is shown, implemented on the basis of the electrodynamic modeling system CST Microwave studio (Simulia corporation, USA) and the Matlab system. The results of simulation are presented to determine the frequency dependences of the electrophysical parameters and the thickness of a sample of a radio-absorbing coating on a metal substrate. Errors in the estimates of permittivity and permeability in the measurement frequency band 9–13.5 GHz, which are no more than 10 % with a confidence level of 0.95 with a mean square deviation of the noise level of 0.006, have been obtained. The proposed method can be in demand in various science-intensive areas – microelectronic, aerospace, mechanical engineering, etc.


2021 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Isaev

The problem of analytical representation of hydrophone complex frequency response based on a model consisting of an advance line and a minimum-phase part, which describing the effect of sound diffraction and resonance properties of an active element, is considered. Algorithms are proposed for approximating the hydrophone complex frequency response by a fractional-rational function of the complex variable according to the data of the hydrophone amplitude-frequency and/or phasefrequency responses. Examples of the application of these algorithms for processing experimental frequency characteristics of hydrophones are given.


2021 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Dmitrii I. Belenkii ◽  
Dmitry V. Averkin ◽  
Dmitry V. Vishnevetskii ◽  
Svetlana D. Khizhnyak ◽  
Pavel M. Pakhomov

A comprehensive study to develop and create standard samples of the zeta potential unit of particles in a liquid in accordance with the requirements of GOST ISO 13099-2-2016 in the range of measured values from minus 150 mV to plus 150 mV was carried out. The existing standard samples of zeta potential in Russia and the world have been investigated; the analysis of the applicability of the starting materials and components for the creation of new standard samples has done. Samples based on modified polystyrene latex microspheres, bovine serum albumin and supramolecular systems based on aqueous solutions of L-cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, and silver acetate were considered as promising standard samples of the zeta potential of particles. All studies were carried out on equipment from the State Primary Standard of Dispersed Parameters of Aerosols, Suspensions and Powder Materials GET 163-2020 using the method of electrophoretic light scattering and measuring the pH value. It was found that polystyrene latex microspheres do not correspond to the requirements of the work in terms of developing a set of standard samples. Samples based on suspensions of bovine serum albumin do not correspond to the requirements of GOST ISO 13099-2-2016. Supramolecular systems based on aqueous solutions of L-cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, and silver acetate were proposed as standard samples. Such systems are characterized by the ability to modify the initial potential-determining layer of particles without changing their aggregate stability. Studies of the long-term stability of the developed standard samples of the zeta-potential unit of particles in a liquid have been carried out.


2021 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Igor M. Ageev ◽  
Yuri M. Rybin

The advantages and disadvantages of infrared and electrochemical gas analyzers for carbon dioxide CO2 are described. The possibility of using conductometric sensors with distilled water for monitoring the CO2 content in the air has been investigated. Two identical measuring systems were manufactured, each containing two open-type conductometric cells, a matching device and a personal computer. With the help of these complexes, experiments were carried out on the simultaneous measurement of the CO2 content in the air in two places (a laboratory room and a building in a forest, located at a distance of 15 km from each other) with deliberately different daily dynamics of the CO2 level change. A special experiment was carried out, which made it possible to obtain an estimate of the inertia of conductometric cells and a conversion factor for the values of CO2 content into standard units of measurement. It is shown that the daily dynamics of changes in the electrical conductivity of distilled water in open cells corresponds to the expected dynamics of changes in the CO2 content in the rooms where the measurements were carried out. The operability of the measuring complex and the possibility of creating on its basis a device for long-term monitoring of the CO2 content in the air mixture of gases has been confirmed. The principal high selectivity of the measuring complex to CO2 in relation to other gases of the atmosphere has been established.


2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Denis Y. Kutovoy ◽  
Igor A. Yatsenko ◽  
Vladimir B. Yavkin ◽  
Aydar N. Mukhametov ◽  
Petr V. Lovtsov ◽  
...  

The actual problem of the possibility of using the equations of state for the gas phase of natural gas at temperatures below 250 K is considered. To solve it, the compressibility coefficients of natural gas obtained experimentally with high accuracy are required. The technique was developed and experimental study was carried out of compressibility factor aiming expanding temperature range of the state equations GERG-2004 and AGA8-DC92. The proposed technique is based on the fact that to assess the applicability of the equation of state, it is sufficient to obtain the relative value of the compressibility coefficient and not to determine its absolute value. The technique does not require complex equipment and provides high accuracy. The technique was tested on nitrogen, argon, air and methane. Uncertainty of determination of the compressibility factor is not greater than 0.1 %. For two different compositions of natural gas, obtained experimental data were demonstrated that the equations of state GERG-2004 and AGA8-92DC provide uncertainty of the calculation of the compressibility coefficient within 0.1 % in the temperature range from 220 K to 250 K and pressure below 5 MPa.


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