Association of muscle mass and fat mass on low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride plasma concentration in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriakos Martakis ◽  
Christina Stark ◽  
Mirko Rehberg ◽  
Miriam Jackels ◽  
Eckhard Schoenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Triglyceride Concentration

Abstract Objectives Obesity has often been associated with high low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride plasma concentrations, known risk factors for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Study objective was to evaluate the association of LDL-C and triglyceride plasma concentration with muscle and fat mass in children and adolescents. Methods We analyzed data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004) to estimate lean muscle and fat mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of participants whose lipid profiles had been examined. Fat mass was operationalized by DXA-determined fat mass index (FMI). Muscle mass was assessed by appendicular lean mass index (aLMI). High LDL-C and triglyceride concentration was defined as above 130 mg/dL. Results For the evaluation of the association of LDL-C and triglyceride plasma concentration with LMI and FMI Z-scores, the data of 2,487 children and adolescents (age 8–19 years) (984 females) were eligible. High aLMI showed no association with LDL-C or triglyceride concentration, but high FMI showed significant association with LDL-C and triglyceride plasma concentration in the bivariate regression analysis. Conclusions Isolated muscle mass increase may not be protective against high LDL-C and triglycerides plasma levels in children and adolescents. Thus, exercise may lead to risk factor reduction mainly through fat mass reduction.

Treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents in the last three decades

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avishay Elis ◽  
Rong Zhou ◽  
Evan A. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia

AbstractBackground:This study evaluated the effectiveness of long-term intensive lipid-lowering therapy in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia.Methods:The charts of 89 children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia among ∼1000 patients treated from 1974 to 2008 were reviewed. Familial hypercholesterolaemia was defined as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level >90th percentile in individuals with a history of familial hypercholesterolaemia.Results:Of the 89 patients, 51% were male; the mean age at diagnosis was 8 ± 4 years, and the mean follow-up was 13 ± 8 years. Baseline and most recent low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (mg/dl) under treatment were 250 ± 50 and 142 ± 49, respectively, reduced 43% from baseline (p < 0.0001). At the most recent visit, 39 patients received statin monotherapy, mainly atorvastatin or rosuvastatin, and 50 (56%) patients received combination therapy, mainly vytorin or rosuvastain/ezetimibe, 15 patients were >30 years of age, and none developed symptomatic cardiovascular disease or needed revascularisation.Conclusions:Long-term statin-based therapy can reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in most children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and decrease cardiovascular risk significantly.

Lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in the plasma of human subjects as measured in the fed and fasted states.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2456-2459 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Cohn ◽  
J R McNamara ◽  
E J Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride Concentration ◽  
Triglyceride Concentration ◽  
Friedewald Formula

Abstract Lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in plasma are routinely estimated by using the Friedewald formula, whereby very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) is estimated to be one-fifth the plasma triglyceride concentration. Ordinarily, this formula is applied only to plasma sampled from patients in the fasted state. To determine whether lipoprotein cholesterol measurements are altered substantially in plasma sampled from nonfasting subjects, we obtained postprandial blood samples from 22 healthy subjects (nine men, 13 women, ages 22-79 years) fed a fat-rich meal (1 g fat per kilogram body wt.). The plasma triglyceride concentration increased postprandially in all subjects (233 +/- 16% of baseline at 3 h). The mean cholesterol concentration in plasma was essentially unchanged. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased (94 +/- 2% at 3 h, P less than 0.001). VLDL-C and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), estimated by the Friedewald formula, were compared with measurements obtained by modified Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) methodology. As measured by either method, VLDL-C increased and LDL-C decreased significantly after the fat-rich meal. These postprandial changes were significantly greater (P less than 0.01) when estimated by the Friedewald formula than by LRC methodology. We conclude that (a) lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations measured in the fed subject differ significantly from those measured in the fasted subject, and (b) plasma must be obtained after at least a 12-h fast if an individual's risk of coronary heart disease is to be accurately assessed.

Serum Total Cholesterol Screening for the Detection of Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein in Children and Adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-479
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Dennison ◽  
David A. Kikuchi ◽  
Sathanur R. Srinivasan ◽  
Larry S. Webber ◽  
Gerald S. Berenson
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Total Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The use of serum total cholesterol measurement was evaluated as a screening tool to predict elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 2857 children and adolescents, aged 5 to 17 years, examined in 1981 and 1982. Subjects were from the biracial community of Bogalusa, Louisiana. For selected serum total cholesterol values (150 to 210 mg/dL, 3.88 to 5.43 mmol/L), sensitivities were higher for blacks than whites and higher for females than males, whereas the positive predictive values were higher for whites than blacks and higher for males than females. With the age-, race-, and sex-specific 95th percentiles of serum total cholesterol levels as cutoff points, only 44% to 50% of subjects with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (≥95th percentile) were detected, and approximately 50% of those identified had false-positive results. Lowering the serum total cholesterol cutoff point increased the sensitivity, but decreased the specificity and positive predictive value. At the 75th percentiles of serum total cholesterol levels, sensitivities were 92% to 95% for females and 100% for males and specificities were 78% to 79%, but the false-positive results increased to 81% to 84%. The low cost and ease of obtaining serum total cholesterol measurements contribute to its appeal as a screening tool for hyperlipidemia. However, its poor test characteristics make serum total cholesterol measurement inefficient as a screening tool for detecting elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Na+-K+-ATPase α2-gene and skeletal muscle characteristics in response to long-term overfeeding

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1870-1874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olavi Ukkola ◽  
Denis R. Joanisse ◽  
Angelo Tremblay ◽  
Claude Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Metabolic Properties

The role of Na+-K+-ATPase α2-gene BglII polymorphism in the changes of skeletal muscle metabolic properties after a 100-day overfeeding protocol conducted with 12 pairs of monozygotic twins is reported. The activities of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) were determined from muscle biopsies. A larger increase in the total fat mass (127 vs. 61%) ( P < 0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (20 vs. 0.7%) ( P = 0.05) in 8.0/8.0-kb [3.3-kb negative (−); n = 7 pairs] than in 8.0/3.3 + 3.3/3.3-kb [3.3-kb positive (+); n = 5 pairs] subjects was observed. OGDH activity decreased in 3.3-kb− (−15%), whereas PFK (+26%) as well as the PFK-to-OGDH ratio (90%) increased. In contrast, among 3.3-kb+, OGDH increased (+54%) together with a decrease in PFK (−1%) and PFK-to-OGDH ratio (−5%). These changes were significantly different between genotypes ( Pfrom <0.05 to 0.01). In conclusion, fat mass, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and skeletal muscle glycolytic-to-oxidative enzyme ratio increased more in the α2-gene 3.3-kb− subjects with overfeeding, suggesting more unfavorable metabolic changes compared with the 3.3-kb+ subjects.

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