Autoimmune Thyroid Dysfunction in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Screening Guidelines Based on a Retrospective Analysis

Objective: Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and thyroid dysfunction consider as main metabolic and endocrine disorders. In previous studies, individuals with T1DM were susceptible to Thyroid disorders. The prevalence of clinical and subclinical Thyroid dysfunction have noticeable importance especially regarding women and their related stigma. Methods: The presented survey, a case-control study evaluated the thyroid dysfunction among T1DM elderly women referred to diabetes clinic of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj city. The whole blood samples were attained from all individuals and then the following tests were done: fasting blood-sugar (FBS), Serum TSH, anti-Thyroperoxidase (Anti-TPO) and Free T4.Results: The prevalence of Thyroid disorder in examined patients was 17 percent and autoimmune Thyroid dysfunction disorder, that examined by positive test-result of Anti-TPO showed up in 10.2 percent of patients. Prevalence of sub-clinical Hypothyroidism was 13.2 percent; the clinical Hypothyroidism were 7.3 percent. Based on our data 2.9 percent of T1DM have subclinical Hyperthyroidism and 1.4 percent have clinical Hyperthyroidism. In our study, increased TSH level and existence of Anti-TPO in TIDM patients might be regarded as an additional TIDM problem in studied disease.Conclusion: This study confirmed the association between autoimmune Thyroid dysfunction (based on positive Serum-test of Anti-TPO) and T1DM.

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Study of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20173677 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 1241

Author(s):

Rajesh V. Gosavi ◽

Bhushan R. Mishal

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Free T4 ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Free T3 ◽

Serum Tsh

Background: The association of autoimmune thyroid disease with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been well documented across populations, with it being most prevalent immunological disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to ascertain the association between type 1 diabetes and thyroid dysfunction clinically, biochemically and immunologically.Methods: Serum TSH, free T3 and free T4 values were compared between cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic age and sex matched controls. Cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus were further divided in two groups, depending upon the presence or absence of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (Anti-TPO antibodies). Mean serum TSH, free T3, free T4 levels were compared between these two groups to find or refute any association.Results: Abnormal thyroid function was reported in total 6 (14.63%) cases. Comparison of TSH, T3 and T4 levels showed statistically insignificant differences (p<0.05) in TSH levels (µIU/ml) (Cases- 3.44±2.41, controls- 3.34±0.78); T3 levels (pg/ml) (cases- 3.31±1.06, controls- 3.36±0.52) and T4 levels (ng/dl) (cases- 0.92±0.31, controls- 0.95±0.23). Total of 6 cases (14.63%) cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus were positive for anti-TPO antibodies (4- females, 2- males).Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction is more common amongst type 1 diabetics, especially females. Estimation of anti-TPO antibodies is valuable in detecting thyroid dysfunction in type 1 diabetics.

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Aspects of hormonal testing of thyroid function in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY ◽

10.22141/2224-0721.17.1.2021.226428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 32-37

Author(s):

A.G. Sazonova ◽

T.V. Mokhort ◽

N.V. Karalovich

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Free T4 ◽

Free T3 ◽

Peripheral Conversion

Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to affect the thyroid axis, including thyroid hormone metabolism. It has been established that a decrease in renal function can be combined with changes in thyroid function. Thyroid dysfunction also has implications for renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), tubular transport, electrolyte homeostasis, and glomerular structure. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of thyroid function in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and CKD and develop recommendations for hormonal testing of thyroid pathology. Materials and methods. One hundred and twenty-one patients with T1DM with CKD were divided into 3 groups: group 1 — 78 individuals with GFR ≤ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, group 2 — 20 people receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT), group 3 — 23 patients after renal transplantation (RT) with adequate graft function (the duration of the renal transplant is 3.62 (1.47; 4.28) years). Results. In T1DM and CKD group, the diagnostic value of thyroid-stimulating hormone is reduced due to the absence of differences in its values with a decrease in T4 and T3. Free T3 is the most sensitive marker of thyroid dysfunction in CKD. Thyroid disorders in T1D and CKD patients have a non-immune genesis. T1DM patients on RRT after hemodialysis (HD) procedure have an increase in total and free T4 and free T3, consequently, monitoring of thyroid disorders should be done immediately after the HD session. The restoration of normal values of peripheral conversion index and free T3 occurs within 1–2 years after TR, depending on the duration of RRT receiving. After more than 3 post-transplantation years, there is an increase in peripheral conversion index, which characterizes the imbalance of peripheral thyroid hormones towards a decrease in free T3 with relatively stable free T4. Conclusions. Thyroid dysfunctions are typical for all stages of the pathological process in CKD in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, including patients at the terminal stage and after successful kidney transplantation. The changes in thyroid hormones are associated with the RRT experience and can potentially affect the survival of patients.

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Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome 3 Onset with Severe Ketoacidosis in a 74-Year-Old Woman

Case Reports in Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2015/960615 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Stefano Benedini ◽

Antonietta Tufano ◽

Elena Passeri ◽

Marco Mendola ◽

Livio Luzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Cobalamin Deficiency ◽

Gastric Parietal Cell ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), autoimmune thyroid disease, and autoimmune gastritis often occur together forming the so-called autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3 (APS3). We here report a clinical case of a 74-year-old woman who presented for the first time with severe hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis diagnosed as T1D. Further clinical investigations revealed concomitant severe hypothyroidism with autoimmune thyroid disease and severe cobalamin deficiency due to chronic atrophic gastritis. The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus was confirmed by the detection of autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, islet cell antibodies, and anti-insulin autoantibodies. Anti-thyroperoxidase, anti-thyroglobulin, and anti-gastric parietal cell antibodies were also clearly positive. The case emphasized that new onset diabetic ketoacidosis, hypothyroidism, and cobalamin deficiency may simultaneously occur, and one disease can mask the features of the other, thereby making diagnosis difficult. It is noteworthy that an APS3 acute episode occurred in an asymptomatic elder woman for any autoimmune diseases.

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PO35 CELIAC DISEASE AND TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS ASSOCIATION: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PEDIATRIC CASES IN ROME

Digestive and Liver Disease ◽

10.1016/s1590-8658(12)60699-9 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. S273

Author(s):

F. Valitutti ◽

M. Barbato ◽

M. Massoud ◽

F. Costantino ◽

G. Di Nardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Retrospective Analysis

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Thyroid Dysfunction and Morphological Abnormalities in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

American Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.11648/j.ajim.20150304.16 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 185

Author(s):

Heba-Allah Moustafa Kamal Al-Din

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Morphological Abnormalities

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Autoimmune thyroid disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus: same pathogenesis; new perspective?

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1177/2042018820958329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 204201882095832

Author(s):

Liyan Li ◽

Shudong Liu ◽

Junxia Yu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are two common autoimmune diseases that can occur concomitantly. In general, patients with diabetes have a high risk of AITD. It has been proposed that a complex genetic basis together with multiple nongenetic factors make a variable contribution to the pathogenesis of T1DM and AITD. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge in the field regarding potential pathogenic factors of T1DM and AITD, including human leukocyte antigen, autoimmune regulator, lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase, forkhead box protein P3, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen, infection, vitamin D deficiency, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand. These findings offer an insight into future immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases.

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