Evaluation of resistance and the role of some defense responses in wheat cultivars to Fusarium head blight

Abstract Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are the causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereal crops worldwide. Application of resistant cultivars is the most effective and economic method for management of FHB and reducing mycotoxin production in wheat. Understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in basal resistance of wheat to FHB disease is limited. In this research, after screening resistance levels of eighteen wheat cultivars planted in Iran, Gaskozhen and Falat were identified as partially resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars against Fusarium spp., respectively. Also, we investigated the role of hydroxyl radical (OH−), nitric oxide (NO), callose deposition, lipid peroxidation and protein content in basal resistance of wheat to the hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic Fusarium species causing FHB. Nitric oxide as a signaling molecule may be involved in physiological and defensive processes in plants. Our results showed that NO generation increased in seedlings and spikes of wheat cultivars after inoculation with Fusarium species. We observed earlier and stronger callose deposition at early time points after infection by Fusarium spp. isolates than in non-infected plants, which was positively related to the resistance levels in wheat cultivars. Higher levels of OH− and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation (as a marker of lipid peroxidation) were observed in the Falat than in the Gaskozhen cultivar, under non-infected and infected conditions. So, estimation of lipid peroxidation could be useful to evaluate cultivars’ susceptibility. These findings can provide novel insights for better recognition of physiological and biochemical markers of FHB resistance, which could be used for rapid screening of resistance levels in wheat cultivars against this destructive fungal disease.

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Progression of Deoxynivalenol Concentrations in Spikes and Kernels of Winter Wheat Cultivars after Inoculation with Fusarium culmorum

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/3644-cjgpb ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 42 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 137-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Chrpová ◽

V. Šíp ◽

E. Matějová ◽

S. Sýkorová

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Crucial Role ◽

Early Stage ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Head Blight ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

High Concentrations

Progression of deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations in spikes and kernels was studied in relation to Fusarium head blight (FHB) symptoms in five winter wheat cultivars, differing in resistance to FHB, after single floret inoculation with an aggressive isolate of Fusarium culmorum. After inoculation in field conditions the spikes were detached from the plant and kept in the greenhouse under controlled conditions. High concentrations of DON were detected in susceptible cultivars at an early stage of pathogenesis (7 days after inoculation). Over the whole examined 21-day period and also at maturity spikes contained more DON than kernels. While differences between cultivars in the accumulation of DON were highly expressed already 7 days after inoculation, differences in symptomatic reactions were not clear until day 21. Owing to the reported crucial role of DON at early stages of pathogenesis, the importance of appropriate timing of fungicide application is highly stressed.  

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Influence of Wheat Cultivar, Species of Fusarium, and Isolate Aggressiveness on the Efficacy of Fungicides for Control of Fusarium Head Blight

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2003.87.9.1107 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (9) ◽

pp. 1107-1115 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Á. Mesterházy ◽

T. Bartók ◽

C. Lamper

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Wheat Cultivar ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Cultivar Resistance ◽

Head Blight ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Disease Pressure ◽

Different Levels

Attempts to control Fusarium head blight (FHB) with fungicides have been highly variable. Variability is caused by cultivar resistance, fungicide efficacy, fungicide coverage, timing, and pathogen aggressiveness. In this research, fungicides were tested on winter wheat cultivars with different levels of resistance to FHB using different isolates of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum to evaluate the role of host resistance and isolate aggressiveness on severity of FHB. Fungicides were applied to groups of wheat heads to provide full coverage. Incidence and severity of FHB was measured by the severity of head symptoms, percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK), yield loss, and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination. Development of FHB was affected by fungicides, cultivars, fungal isolates, and most of the two-way interactions of these variables. Among the fungicides tested, those containing tebuconazole tended to be more effective in reducing FHB. Reduction of disease in susceptible cultivars may not be adequate to produce marketable yields under conditions of high disease pressure. In most cases, if a fungicide reduced FHB visual symptoms, similar decreases were detected in yield loss, DON concentration, and FDK reaction. In 1998, an increase in DON contamination compared with the Fusarium check was observed with azoxystrobin and carbendazim on the more susceptible cultivar. This increase in DON with some fungicide requires additional research. Research to develop more resistant cultivars, better spraying technology, and more effective fungicides is also needed.

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Improvement of Resistance of Wheat Cultivars to Fusarium Head Blight in the Yellow-Huai Rivers Valley Winter Wheat Zone with Functional Marker Selection of Fhb1 Gene

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2018.00505 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 505 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hong-Jun ZHANG ◽

Zhen-Qi SU ◽

Gui-Hua BAI ◽

Xu ZHANG ◽

Hong-Xiang MA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Functional Marker ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Head Blight ◽

Marker Selection ◽

Selection Of

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Fusarium Head Blight and Moniliformin Accumulation in Kernels of 18 Winter Wheat Cultivars Inoculated with Fusarium Avenaceum (3 Years Study)

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1007/bf03543810 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 673-675 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Piotr Goliński ◽

Marian Kostecki ◽

Przemysław Kaptur ◽

Slawomir Wojciechowski ◽

Zygmunt Kaczmarek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Avenaceum ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Head Blight ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars

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Integrated transcriptome and hormone profiling highlight the role of multiple phytohormone pathways in wheat resistance against fusarium head blight

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0207036 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. e0207036 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Lipu Wang ◽

Qiang Li ◽

Ziying Liu ◽

Anu Surendra ◽

Youlian Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Head Blight ◽

Hormone Profiling

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Reaction to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) of Six New Wheat Cultivars Widely Grown in Transylvania

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:3980 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sardar AMIN ◽

Marin ARDELEAN ◽

Vasile MOLDOVAN ◽

Rodica CADAR

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Developmental Progress ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Symptom Intensity ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Artificial Inoculations

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium spp., has become one of the most destructive diseases in the world’s wheat growing areas , especially in the humid and semihumid regions (Paillard et al. 2004, Mesterhazy 1978, Stack & Mullen 1985; Kiecana 1987; Kiecana et al. 1988). Six winter wheat cultivars, recently released and widely grown in Trasylvania, have been evaluated for FHB resistance during 2006. The evaluation was made by means of artificial inoculations with Fusarium graminearum and assesment of symptom intensity by computing AUDPC index (Area Under Developmental Progress Curve). Based on these data, two cultivars (Dumbrava and Turda 195) were considered as resistant, two cultivars (Ardeal and Arieşan) as medium resistant and other two cultivars (Fundulea 4 and GK Öthalom) as susceptible to FHB. The reaction to FHB of the six tested cultivars, based on the postharvest indices, showed significant differences among these cultivars as far as the yield elements and the total grain yield were considered. Actually, in the resistant cultivars, both the total grain yield and some of the yield elements (spike wight, grain weght/spike and 1000 kernel weigt) were significantly less affected by FHB than in medium resistant and susceptible cultivars.

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