Galician coda restrictions and plural clusters

Linguistics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1433-1460
Author(s):  
Sonia Colina ◽  
Miquel Simonet
Keyword(s):  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Nasal Consonant ◽  
The Right

Abstract The present study investigates the phonology and phonetics of Galician post-vocalic velar nasals. Galician has very strict coda restrictions – it does not allow for complex codas. One exception to this restriction is found in the plurals of words ending in a nasal consonant, which add /s/ to the “right” of a noun or adjective: man ‘hand’, mans ‘hands’; pan ‘bread’, pans ‘breads’. The present study puts forward a proposal, initially based on synchronic, formal phonological grounds, according to which post-vocalic, pre-/s/ nasals in plural forms are not nasal stops, but nasal glides. Their nature as nasal glides allows for their syllabification in the nucleus rather than in the coda, thus preserving (i.e., not violating) the restriction on complex codas. This proposal is then tested with a production experiment based on quantitative acoustic data. The acoustic study reveals indeed a difference in the degree of weakening of post-vocalic nasals, with pre-/s/ nasals in the plural forms showing a significantly higher degree of weakening than pre-/s/ nasals in the singular forms. The article concludes with an Optimality-Theoretic analysis of the phonological facts.

Nuclear Pitch Accents in Majorcan Catalan Declaratives: Phonology, Phonetics, Diachrony

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Simonet
Keyword(s):  
Read Aloud ◽  
Stressed Syllable ◽  
Relative Pitch ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Pitch Accents

AbstractThe present paper reports on the findings of an acoustic study of nuclear pitch accents in Majorcan Catalan. A total of 10 speakers participated in a production experiment. Nuclear pitch accents were investigated by measuring relative pitch changes between several sequential temporal landmarks in and around nuclear stressed syllables in read-aloud declaratives. The results provide evidence for the presence of a low (L) tone associated with the nuclear stressed syllable for 9 of the 10 participants, and that of a high (H) trailing tone for only 4 of the participants. The implications of these results for a phonological analysis of Majorcan Catalan nuclear pitch accents, as well as the diachrony of nuclear pitch accents in Iberian Romance, are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of estimates parameters of earthquakes in the Kamchatka region from different catalogs

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Шевченко
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Station ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Kamchatka Region ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Refracted Waves ◽  
Digital Engineering

Для землетрясений Камчатского региона и землетрясений в районе западной части Алеутско – Командорского желоба рассчитаны невязки между временем пробега волн P исходя из оценки времени в очаге и временем пробега в соответствии с моделью Земли AK135. Выявлено систематическое расхождение значений времен пробега, полученных этими способами, причем величина невязки меняется в зависимости от применяемого метода оценки параметров гипоцентров. Результаты сравнения отражают реальную оценку точности координат гипоцентров в каталогах. Проверка качества привязки сейсмических трасс к точному времени показало наличие сбоев синхронизации на сейсмограммах почти всех комплектов сейсмографов, что может быть одной из причин невязок. he article presents the results of work with such devices as the digital engineering seismic station «TELSS — 3» (LLC «Geosignal»), complete with seismic streamer SM — 20 and seismic receivers GS — 20 DX in order to clarify soil conditions in the valley of the Avacha river in Yelizovsky urban district. The method of refracted waves of seismic exploration was performed for the first time. It is important to note the importance of the seismic station for obtaining primary acoustic data for further refinement of seismic increments. Thanks to the data obtained, it becomes possible to make the right decisions when designing construction objects.

Rhythmic stress in Ukrainian: Acoustic evidence of a bidirectional system

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEATA ŁUKASZEWICZ ◽  
JANINA MOŁCZANOW
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Lexical Stress ◽  
Empirical Adequacy ◽  
Secondary Stress ◽  
Left Edge ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stress Patterns

Bidirectional stress systems with internal lapses are rare and their existence has been recently called into question (Newlin-Łukowicz 2012). The present paper reports an acoustic study of secondary stress in Ukrainian based on polysyllabic words with lexical stress located at or near the right edge of the word. The results indicate that Ukrainian has an iteration of secondary stresses from the left edge towards the lexical stress, rather than in the opposite direction. This characteristic makes it metrically related to bidirectional stress systems with internal lapses (e.g. Polish), which invalidates the argument against such systems and proves the empirical adequacy of the metrical theories designed to account for these stress patterns.

Validity of the Nasometer Measuring the Temporal Characteristics of Nasalization

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youkyung Bae ◽  
David P. Kuehn ◽  
Seunghee Ha
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
First Language ◽  
External Criterion ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Speech Segment ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Nasal Consonant ◽  
Lincoln Park ◽  
Normal Adults

Objective: To examine the validity of the Nasometer (KayPENTAX, Lincoln Park, NJ) in measuring the temporal characteristics of nasalization by comparing the Nasometer measures to the measures from an external criterion procedure. Design: Speech samples consisted of three rate-controlled nonsense syllables, which varied in their vowel compositions: /izinizi/, /azanaza/, and /uzunuzu/. Acoustic data were recorded simultaneously through the Nasometer and an external criterion procedure (a specialized microphone set that collected acoustic signals separately for the nasal and oral channels). Speech segment durations measured from the two instrumental conditions were compared on the Nasometer display and the Computerized Speech Lab (KayPENTAX, Lincoln Park, NJ) display. Five durational variables were measured: total utterance duration, nasal onset interval, nasal consonant duration, nasal offset interval, and total nasalization duration. Participants: Fourteen normal adults who speak American English as their first language participated in the study. Results: No significant differences were found between the measures from the Nasometer and those from an external criterion procedure in all the durational variables pertinent to nasalization. Different vowels, however, yielded significantly different patterns in these durational variables, in which the low vowel /a/ context revealed significantly longer total nasalization duration than did the high vowel /i/ and /u/ contexts. Conclusions: The results suggest that the Nasometer can be used as a valid tool to measure the temporal characteristics underlying nasalization and confirm significant vowel effects on the temporal patterns of nasalization.

Acoustic Similarity of Inner and Outer Circle Varieties of Child-Produced English Vowels

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 722-737
Author(s):  
André Coy ◽  
Stefan Watson
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Acoustic Similarity ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
English Vowels ◽  
Educational Applications ◽  
Sociopolitical Influences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Children's Speech

Purpose This article compares acoustic data of normally developing children from two dominant and one nondominant variety of English in order to determine phonetic proximity. Method The study focuses on one variety of American English (AE), one British English (BE) variety, and one Jamaican English (JE) variety owing to the historical and sociopolitical influences of both dominant varieties on JE. The work examines the four corner vowels (/a/, /ɑ/, /u:/, and /i:/) of the specified varieties. Speech from children aged 8–11 years was processed to extract duration, intensity, and fundamental frequency as well as the first three formants (F1, F2, and F3) of each vowel. Results Analysis of the acoustic variables showed, for the first time, that child-produced JE is phonetically closer to the variety of BE studied, than it is to the American variety. The acoustic properties of the child-produced JE vowels were found to be similar to those of adult-produced vowels, suggesting that, as has been shown for adult speech, there appears to be a limited impact of AE on JE. Conclusions This is the first acoustic study of children's speech to show that, despite the proximity to BE, the Jamaican variety is clearly a distinct variety of English. As the first study comparing AE, BE, and JE, the article provides experimental evidence of the acoustic differences in the varieties and points to the implications for automatic speech recognition and educational applications for children who speak JE.

On the role of phonology and discourse in Francilian Frenchwh-questions

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
FATIMA HAMLAOUI
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sentence Stress

It is argued that in Francilian French, the dialect of French spoken in the Paris metropolitan area, in-situ and frontedwh-questions have the same answerhood conditions but vary with respect to their respective focus-set (Reinhart 2006). The difference between the two types of questions lies in the discourse status of their non-whportion. Whereas thewh-phrase is never discourse-given, the non-whportion may or may not be, depending on the discourse context. In Francilian French in-situwh-questions, the non-whportion must be discourse-given. As this language exhibits a strong requirement on sentence stress to be kept rightmost it cannot, in contrast with English, assign sentence stress to a frontedwh-phrase when the non-whportion is discourse-given and needs to be destressed. The only way to simultaneously destress discourse-given items and keep sentence stress rightmost is by aligning thewh-phrase with the right edge of the clause. Whereas in Hungarian prosody triggers movement (Szendrői 2003), in Francilian French, prosody prevents it from occurring. An Optimal Theoretic analysis in the spirit of much recent work on focus and givenness in declaratives (Samek-Lodovici 2005, Féry & Samek-Lodovici 2006) captures this phenomenon.

Korean accent

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiyuki Ito
Keyword(s):  
Pitch Accent ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Middle Korean

This paper examines the accent systems of Middle Korean (MK) and the contemporary Korean dialects (North/South Kyengsang, Hamkyeng/Yanbian) both synchronically and diachronically, focusing on native simplex nouns. In an analysis of the MK accent system, we clarify correlations between a syllable’s segmental shape and the accent class of the stem, and propose that in Proto-Korean native nouns did not have a distinctive pitch accent. We also show that MK (as well as Proto-Korean) had a right-to-left iambic prominence system in which the unaccented stem class had an underlying floating H tone reflecting an apocopated syllable from an earlier stage of the language. We then examine the regular accentual correspondences between MK and the contemporary dialects and hypothesize that the accent retraction found in the Kyengsang dialects (“Kyengsang accent shift”) took place after the introduction of Sino-Korean vocabulary. Finally, based on an Optimality Theoretic analysis, we show that all dialects including MK tend to avoid a lapse in accent at the right edge of the word, which is accomplished by different repair strategies.

Development of the voiceless sibilant fricative contrast in three-year-olds: an ultrasound and acoustic study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Natalia ZHARKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Shape Dynamics ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Dynamic Patterns

Abstract The study analysed spectral and tongue shape dynamics of voiceless alveolar and postalveolar fricatives produced by ten children learning Scottish English. Synchronised ultrasound tongue imaging data and acoustic data were used to characterise children's productions of the phonemic contrast. Six children had consistently accurate productions of both fricative targets, with some cross-consonant phonetic differences in the direction previously demonstrated for older children and adults, as well as some immature acoustic and articulatory dynamic patterns. Instrumental analyses made it possible to describe tongue shape for phonemic errors and phonetically distorted realisations. There was some evidence of articulatory contrast in production preceding contrast in perception. The observed patterns can be explained by the complex articulatory demands on the fricative production, in combination with the developing control of articulators. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the results for phonological theory and for speech therapy practice.

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