scholarly journals Water-filled Asian elephant tracks serve as breeding sites for anurans in Myanmar

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-289
Author(s):  
Steven G. Platt ◽  
David P. Bickford ◽  
Myo Min Win ◽  
Thomas R. Rainwater
Keyword(s):  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Ecosystem Engineering ◽  
Asian Elephant ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Loxodonta Cyclotis ◽  
And Function

Abstract Elephants are widely recognized as ecosystem engineers. To date, most research on ecosystem engineering by elephants has focused on Loxodonta africana and Loxodonta cyclotis, and the role of Elephas maximus is much less well-known. We here report observations of anuran eggs and larva in water-filled tracks (n=20) of E. maximus in Myanmar. Our observations suggest that water-filled tracks persist for >1 year and function as small lentic waterbodies that provide temporary, predator-free breeding habitat for anurans during the dry season when alternate sites are unavailable. Trackways could also function as “stepping stones” that connect anuran populations.

The temporomandibular joint disc of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and African elephant (Loxodonta africana)

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boaz Arzi ◽  
Vincent P. Willard ◽  
Daniel J. Huey ◽  
Frank J. M. Verstraete ◽  
Natalia Vapniarsky-Arzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
African Elephant ◽  
Asian Elephant ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disc

scholarly journals Molecules into Cells: Specifying Spatial Architecture

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin M. Harold
Keyword(s):  
Structure Form ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Physical Forces ◽  
And Function ◽  
Spatial Architecture

SUMMARY A living cell is not an aggregate of molecules but an organized pattern, structured in space and in time. This article addresses some conceptual issues in the genesis of spatial architecture, including how molecules find their proper location in cell space, the origins of supramolecular order, the role of the genes, cell morphology, the continuity of cells, and the inheritance of order. The discussion is framed around a hierarchy of physiological processes that bridge the gap between nanometer-sized molecules and cells three to six orders of magnitude larger. Stepping stones include molecular self-organization, directional physiology, spatial markers, gradients, fields, and physical forces. The knowledge at hand leads to an unconventional interpretation of biological order. I have come to think of cells as self-organized systems composed of genetically specified elements plus heritable structures. The smallest self that can be fairly said to organize itself is the whole cell. If structure, form, and function are ever to be computed from data at a lower level, the starting point will be not the genome, but a spatially organized system of molecules. This conclusion invites us to reconsider our understanding of what genes do, what organisms are, and how living systems could have arisen on the early Earth.

USE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS AS A COMPONENT OF TUSK FRACTURE MANAGEMENT IN AN ASIAN ELEPHANT (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS) AND AN AFRICAN ELEPHANT (LOXODONTA AFRICANA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-896
Author(s):  
Richard R. Sim ◽  
Elizabeth Stringer ◽  
Dennis Donovan ◽  
Rachael Chappell ◽  
Pat Flora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
African Elephant ◽  
Asian Elephant ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Fracture Management

Scanning electron microscopic study of collagen fibrillogenesis and extracellular compartmentalization in the chick embryo tendon

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Grace C.H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
And Function

The size and organization of collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix is an important determinant of tissue structure and function. The synthesis and deposition of collagen involves multiple steps which begin within the cell and continue in the extracellular space. High-voltage electron microscopic studies of the chick embryo cornea and tendon suggested that the extracellular space is compartmentalized by the fibroblasts for the regulation of collagen fibril, bundle, and tissue specific macroaggregate formation. The purpose of this study is to gather direct evidence regarding the association of the fibroblast cell surface with newly formed collagen fibrils, and to define the role of the fibroblast in the control and the precise positioning of collagen fibrils, bundles, and macroaggregates during chick tendon development.

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