scholarly journals A Solution for General Exchange Markets with Indivisible Goods when Indifferences are Allowed

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Begoña Subiza ◽  
Josep E. Peris
Keyword(s):  
Stability Property ◽  
Solution Concept ◽  
Indivisible Goods ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Stable Sets ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
The Core ◽  
Emptiness Problem ◽  
Exchange Markets ◽  
Strict Core

AbstractIt is well known that the core of an exchange market with indivisible goods is always non empty, although it may contain Pareto inefficient allocations. The strict core solves this shortcoming when indifferences are not allowed, but when agents' preferences are weak orders the strict core may be empty. On the other hand, when indifferences are allowed, the core or the strict core may fail to be stable sets, in the von Neumann and Morgenstern sense.We introduce a new solution concept that improves the behaviour of the strict core, in the sense that it solves the emptiness problem of the strict core when indifferences are allowed in the individuals' preferences and whenever the strict core is non-empty, our solution is included in it. We define our proposal, the MS-set, by using a stability property (m-stability) that the strict core fulfills. Finally, we provide a min-max interpretation for this new solution.

scholarly journals Coalition formation and history dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Dutta ◽  
Hannu Vartiainen
Keyword(s):  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Stable Set ◽  
Transferable Utility ◽  
Stable Sets ◽  
Solution Concepts ◽  
History Dependence ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Finite Games ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Indirect Dominance

Farsighted formulations of coalitional formation, for instance, by Harsanyi and Ray and Vohra, have typically been based on the von Neumann–Morgenstern stable set. These farsighted stable sets use a notion of indirect dominance in which an outcome can be dominated by a chain of coalitional “moves” in which each coalition that is involved in the sequence eventually stands to gain. Dutta and Vohra point out that these solution concepts do not require coalitions to make optimal moves. Hence, these solution concepts can yield unreasonable predictions. Dutta and Vohra restricted coalitions to hold common, history‐independent expectations that incorporate optimality regarding the continuation path. This paper extends the Dutta–Vohra analysis by allowing for history‐dependent expectations. The paper provides characterization results for two solution concepts that correspond to two versions of optimality. It demonstrates the power of history dependence by establishing nonemptyness results for all finite games as well as transferable utility partition function games. The paper also provides partial comparisons of the solution concepts to other solutions.

scholarly journals Transmission Of Volatility Shocks Between The Equity And Foreign Exchange Markets In South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lumengo Bonga-Bonga
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Foreign Exchange Market ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Equity Market ◽  
Stock Market Volatility ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Conditional Volatility ◽  
Exchange Markets

<p>The paper assesses the dynamic interaction between exchange rates and stock market volatility in South Africa by making use of the generalised impulse response function obtained from a bivariate VAR model. Volatility variables in the VAR system are obtained from a family of GARCH models based on criteria such as covariance stationarity and leverage effects. The findings of the paper show that foreign exchange conditional volatility responds positively to volatility shocks to the equity market. Nonetheless, the response of the equity market conditional volatility to volatility shocks to the foreign exchange market is short-lived and neutral for most of the time horizon periods. The paper attributes this finding mainly to the extent of foreign participation in emerging equity market in general and the South African equity market in particular.</p>

scholarly journals Maximality in the Farsighted Stable Set

Econometrica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1763-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debraj Ray ◽  
Rajiv Vohra
Keyword(s):  
Stable Set ◽  
Stable Sets ◽  
Von Neumann

Harsanyi (1974) and Ray and Vohra (2015) extended the stable set of von Neumann and Morgenstern to impose farsighted credibility on coalitional deviations. But the resulting farsighted stable set suffers from a conceptual drawback: while coalitional moves improve on existing outcomes, coalitions might do even better by moving elsewhere. Or other coalitions might intervene to impose their favored moves. We show that every farsighted stable set satisfying some reasonable and easily verifiable properties is unaffected by the imposition of these stringent maximality constraints. The properties we describe are satisfied by many, but not all, farsighted stable sets.

Bratteli diagrams via the De Concini–Procesi theorem

2020 ◽  
pp. 2050073
Author(s):  
Daniele Mundici
Keyword(s):  
Large Class ◽  
Word Problem ◽  
Bratteli Diagram ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Generators And Relations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Bratteli Diagrams ◽  
Group Presentations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Af Algebras

An AF algebra [Formula: see text] is said to be an AF[Formula: see text] algebra if the Murray–von Neumann order of its projections is a lattice. Many, if not most, of the interesting classes of AF algebras existing in the literature are AF[Formula: see text] algebras. We construct an algorithm which, on input a finite presentation (by generators and relations) of the Elliott semigroup of an AF[Formula: see text] algebra [Formula: see text], generates a Bratteli diagram of [Formula: see text] We generalize this result to the case when [Formula: see text] has an infinite presentation with a decidable word problem, in the sense of the classical theory of recursive group presentations. Applications are given to a large class of AF algebras, including almost all AF algebras whose Bratteli diagram is explicitly described in the literature. The core of our main algorithms is a combinatorial-polyhedral version of the De Concini–Procesi theorem on the elimination of points of indeterminacy in toric varieties.

The von Neumann–Morgenstern stable sets for the mixed extension of 2×2 games

2014 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
E. Inarra ◽  
C. Larrea ◽  
A. Saracho
Keyword(s):  
Stable Sets ◽  
Von Neumann

scholarly journals Alarming of exchange rate crisis: A risk management approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Da Zhao ◽  
Tianhao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Foreign Exchange Market ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Exchange Markets ◽  
Development Levels

Recently, with increasing volatility of foreign exchange rate, risk management becomes more and more important not only for multinational companies and individuals but also for central governments. This paper attempts to build an econometrics model so as to forecast and manage risks in foreign exchange market, especially during the eve of turbulent periods. By following McNeil and Frey’s (2000) two stage approach called conditional EVT to estimate dynamic VaR commonly used in stock and insurance markets, we extend it by applying a more general asymmetric ARMA-GARCH model to analyze daily foreign exchange dollar-denominated trading data from four countries of different development levels across Asia and Europe for a period of more than 10 years from January 03, 2005 to May 29, 2015, which is certainly representative of global markets. Conventionally, different kinds of backtesting methods are implemented ultimately to evaluate how well the model behaves. Inspiringly, test results show that by taking several specific characteristics (including fat-tails, asymmetry and long-range dependence) of the foreign exchange market return data into consideration, the violation ratio of out-of-sample data can be forecasted very well for both fixed and flexible foreign exchange regimes. Moreover, all of the violations are evenly distributed along the whole period which indicates another favorable property of our model. Meanwhile, we find evidence of asymmetry volatility in all of the studied foreign exchange markets even though the magnitudes of the most of them are weak.

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