A Study on Cooperative Continuous Static Games without Differentiability under Fuzzy Environment

In this study, a fuzzy cooperative continuous static game (PQFCCSG) with n players having fuzzy parameters in all of the cost functions and the right- hand-side of constraints is characterized. Their fuzzy parameters are represented by piecewise quadratic fuzzy numbers. The α-pareto optimal solution concept is specified. In addition, the stability sets of the first and second kind without differentiability are conceptualized and established. An illustrated numerical example is discussed for proper understanding and interpretation of the proposed concept.

STRATEGIC INTERACTIONS AND NEGATIVE OIL PRICES

This paper argues on theoretical grounds that the negative oil prices event on April 20, 2020, was mainly due to the strategic interactions among some active traders on both sides of the futures contract. We present a three-player game of futures trading in which a continuum range of negative price can be supported as (strong) Nash equilibrium, yet none of those constitutes an [Formula: see text]-equilibrium originally developed by Ma (2009). We further propose the notion of coalition-with-side-payment as a solution concept for the environment where strategic interactions and transfer payments among players are allowed. Our model captures the mechanism underlying futures price manipulation, and its predictions largely agree with the observations on that day, which are beyond the scope of demand–supply and physical delivery narratives.

M Equilibrium: A Theory of Beliefs and Choices in Games

We introduce a set-valued solution concept, M equilibrium, to capture empirical regularities from over half a century of game theory experiments. We show M equilibrium serves as a meta theory for various models that hitherto were considered unrelated. M equilibrium is empirically robust and, despite being set-valued, falsifiable. Results from a series of experiments that compare M equilibrium to leading behavioral game theory models demonstrate its virtues in predicting observed choices and stated beliefs. Data from experimental games with a unique pure-strategy Nash equilibrium and multiple M equilibria exhibit coordination problems that could not be anticipated through the lens of existing models. (JEL C72, C90, D83)

On the properties of lexicographic tolerable robust solution sets for uncertain multi-objective optimization problems

This study provides the important properties of the lexicographic tolerable robust solution for uncertain multi-objective optimization problems which was introduced by Boriwan et al. [Boriwan, P.; Ehrgott, M.; Kuroiwa, D.; Petrot, N. The lexicographic tolerable robustness concept for uncertain multi-objective optimization problems: a study on water resources management. Sustainability. 12 (2020), no. 18, article number 7582.]. Also, the relationship between the lexicographic tolerable solution concept and the well-known robust solution, as the set-based robust efficiency [Ehrgott, M.; Ide, J.; Schöbel, A. Minmax robustness for multi-objective optimization problems. European Journal of Operational Research. 239 (2014), no. 1, 17-31.], are provided.

Penerapan Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 6 Tahun 2016 di PT. Braga Konsep Solusi

Braga Concept Solutions domiciled in Denpasar City is a company in the field of tourism, especially in restaurants. When approaching religious holidays, every worker/labourer gets non-wage income, namely the Hari Raya Allowance. However, the workers/laborers at PT. Braga Solusi Concept has not yet received the Religious Holiday Allowance as stipulated in the regulation. The purpose of this study is to reveal the application of the provision of religious holiday allowances for workers / laborers at PT. Braga Concept Solutions and obstacles in providing holiday allowances for workers/laborers at PT. Braga Solution Concept. The method used in this study is an empirical legal research method with a sociological juridical approach. The sources of law used are primary and secondary sources of law. In analyzing the data that has been collected then used qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the study reveal that the conclusion of this study is the mechanism for providing Religious THR at PT. Braga Concept Solutions are not fully in accordance with applicable regulations. The obstacle faced is the lack of information about the applicable regulations. Dissemination of laws and regulations is very necessary for workers with the aim of making workers aware of their rights, including the mechanism for resolving them if there are obstacles, the goal is to prevent this from happening again.

The Corporate Rescue for Companies during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: Prospects for the Concept of Deeds of Arrangement and Administration Order

The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact to all countries, including Indonesia. This raises the problem of debt default. Rather than bankruptcy and suspension of payment (PKPU), it is better to look an alternative that become a savior for the company. This research explores the concept of Deeds of Arrangement and Administration Order according to United Kingdom law, and looking at the prospects for the concept of Deeds of Arrangement and Administration Order for Indonesia. It is a normative juridical research, and it was processed with a qualitative approach supported by a comparative legal analysis. The conclusions of this research show that the concepts of the Deeds of Arrangement and Administration Order are similar to the bankruptcy and PKPU schemes also have differences. The differences on the Deeds of Arrangement are how to register, the agreement is passed on a non-litigation basis and determined by the court, and no publication is required. The differences on the Administration Order is the mandatory debtor's company management taking-over, the applicants, the administrators which can be appointed outside the court without court approval, and the administrator will make a corporate rescue proposal. The concept of the Deeds of Arrangement which is a contractual non-litigation and the Administration Order which provides a better corporate management role, is the right solution during the COVID-19 pandemic rather than bankruptcy and PKPU, as well as other litigation. The temporary character of the COVID-19 pandemic condition is the basis of this thought, so a solution concept that leads to maximization of the corporate rescue rather than liquidation, is needed.

Synthesizing Best-effort Strategies under Multiple Environment Specifications

We formally introduce and solve the synthesis problem for LTL goals in the case of multiple, even contradicting, assumptions about the environment. Our solution concept is based on ``best-effort strategies'' which are agent plans that, for each of the environment specifications individually, achieve the agent goal against a maximal set of environments satisfying that specification. By means of a novel automata theoretic characterization we demonstrate that this best-effort synthesis for multiple environments is 2ExpTime-complete, i.e., no harder than plain LTL synthesis. We study an important case in which the environment specifications are increasingly indeterminate, and show that as in the case of a single environment, best-effort strategies always exist for this setting. Moreover, we show that in this setting the set of solutions are exactly the strategies formed as follows: amongst the best-effort agent strategies for ɸ under the environment specification E1, find those that do a best-effort for ɸ under (the more indeterminate) environment specification E2, and amongst those find those that do a best-effort for ɸ under the environment specification E3, etc.

Equilibria Existence in Bayesian Games: Climbing the Countable Borel Equivalence Relation Hierarchy

The solution concept of a Bayesian equilibrium of a Bayesian game is inherently an interim concept. The corresponding ex ante solution concept has been termed a Harsányi equilibrium; examples have appeared in the literature showing that there are Bayesian games with uncountable state spaces that have no Bayesian approximate equilibria but do admit a Harsányi approximate equilibrium, thus exhibiting divergent behaviour in the ex ante and interim stages. Smoothness, a concept from descriptive set theory, has been shown in previous works to guarantee the existence of Bayesian equilibria. We show here that higher rungs in the countable Borel equivalence relation hierarchy can also shed light on equilibrium existence. In particular, hyperfiniteness, the next step above smoothness, is a sufficient condition for the existence of Harsányi approximate equilibria in purely atomic Bayesian games.