scholarly journals Phase estimation with squeezed single photons

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Olivares ◽  
Maria Popovic ◽  
Matteo G. A. Paris
Keyword(s):  
Coherent State ◽  
Fisher Information ◽  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Quantum Fisher Information ◽  
Single Photons ◽  
Squeezed Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum States ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Photocurrent Measurement

AbstractWe address the performance of an interferometric setup in which a squeezed single photon interferes at a beam splitter with a coherent state. Our analysis in based on both the quantum Fisher information and the sensitivity when a Mach-Zehnder setup is considered and the difference photocurrent is detected at the output. We compare our results with those obtained feeding the interferometer with a squeezed vacuum (with the same squeezing parameter of the squeezed single photon) and a coherent state in order to have the same total number of photons circulating in the interferometer. We find that for fixed squeezing parameter and total number of photons there is a threshold of the coherent amplitude interfering with the squeezed single photon above which the squeezed single photons outperform the performance of squeezed vacuum (showing the highest quantum Fisher information). When the difference photocurrent measurement is considered, we can always find a threshold of the squeezing parameter (given the total number of photons and the coherent amplitude) above which squeezed single photons can be exploited to reach a better sensitivity with respect to the use of squeezed vacuum states also in the presence of non unit quantum efficiency.

scholarly journals Quantum optics experiment on the test of empty wave hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Skrebnev
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Optics ◽  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Single Photons ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Empty Wave

The experiment measured the absorption of single photons by absorbers with various absorption coefficients, in one of the beams, after the photons interacted with the beam splitter. The measurements showed that the absorption corresponds to single photon traveling in either one or another beam. The measurements support the original empty wave hypothesis which has been advanced in a number of works.

scholarly journals Experimental proof of the empty waves existence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Skrebnev
Keyword(s):  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Single Photons ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Empty Waves ◽  
Empty Wave

The experiment measured the absorption of single photons by absorbers with various absorption coefficients, in one of the beams, after the photons interacted with the beam splitter. The measurements showed that the absorption corresponds to single photon traveling in either one or another beam. The results of our measurements and of single photon interference experiments, combined together, demonstrate the existence of the empty waves. We show that seemingly justified criticism of our interpretation of the experiment is not valid. New experiments are proposed to study single-photon interference involving an empty wave.

scholarly journals Full waves, empty waves and subquantum processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Skrebnev
Keyword(s):  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Single Photons ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Empty Waves ◽  
Empty Wave

The appearance of a particle in a certain point in space, the full waves and the empty waves are considered as a consequence of subquantum processes. The experiment is described that measured the absorption of single photons by absorbers with various absorption coefficients, in one of the beams, after the photons interacted with the beam splitter. The measurements showed that the absorption corresponds to single photon traveling in either one or another beam. The results of our measurements and of single photon interference experiments, combined together, demonstrate the existence of the empty waves, that is, the excitations in the subquantum world, which do not contain a photon. We show that seemingly justified criticism of our interpretation of the experiment is not valid. New experiments are proposed to study single-photon interference involving an empty wave.

scholarly journals A bridge between the single-photon and squeezed-vacuum states

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 18254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Jain ◽  
S. R. Huisman ◽  
Erwan Bimbard ◽  
A. I. Lvovsky
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Squeezed Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum States

Measurement-induced nonclassical state from two-mode squeezed vacuum states via beam splitter and its entanglement properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 105202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng-Mei Li ◽  
Xue-Xiang Xu ◽  
Hong-Chun Yuan ◽  
Xiang-Guo Meng
Keyword(s):  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Nonclassical State ◽  
Squeezed Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum States

scholarly journals Single Photon Randomness based on a Defect Center in Diamond

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Chen ◽  
Johannes N. Greiner ◽  
Jörg Wrachtrup ◽  
Ilja Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Random Number Generator ◽  
Input State ◽  
Single Photons ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Single Photon Detector ◽  
Defect Center ◽  
Random Bit Generator

AbstractThe prototype of a quantum random number generator is a single photon which impinges onto a beam splitter and is then detected by single photon detectors at one of the two output paths. Prior to detection, the photon is in a quantum mechanical superposition state of the two possible outcomes with –ideally– equal amplitudes until its position is determined by measurement. When the two output modes are observed by a single photon detector, the generated clicks can be interpreted as ones and zeros – and a raw random bit stream is obtained. Here we implement such a random bit generator based on single photons from a defect center in diamond. We investigate the single photon emission of the defect center by an anti-bunching measurement. This certifies the “quantumness” of the supplied photonic input state, while the random “decision” is still based on the vacuum fluctuations at the open port of the beam-splitter. Technical limitations, such as intensity fluctuations, mechanical drift, and bias are discussed. A number of ways to suppress such unwanted effects, and an a priori entropy estimation are presented. The single photon nature allows for a characterization of the non-classicality of the source, and allows to determine a background fraction. Due to the NV-center’s superior stability and optical properties, we can operate the generator under ambient conditions around the clock. We present a true 24/7 operation of the implemented random bit generator.

scholarly journals Superposed coherent states improve fidelity of NOON states generated in post-selection

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Coherent State ◽  
Coherent States ◽  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Selection Probability ◽  
Squeezed Vacuum

Mixing the squeezed vacuum and coherent state in a beam splitter generates NOON states of the electromagnetic field, but with fidelity less than unity. In this article it is shown that the output of the beam splitter generates the NOON states with unit fidelity if superposed coherent states are used instead of the squeezed vacuum. Also, the post-selection probability of NOON states is shown to be higher.

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