Washing, Spraying and Brushing. A Comparison of Paper Deacidification by Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Wójciak
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe paper presents the results of studies on the deacidification of model papers (Whatman) using nanodispersions of magnesium hydroxide in 2-propanol. Preliminary experiments showed greater effectiveness of nanodispersion deacidification in comparison with the standard magnesium hydroxide reagent which was applied in the form of micrometric particles. Further analyses compared the effectiveness of deacidification by washing, spraying and brushing. Although all of the tested methods caused an increase in the pH of paper water extracts, the assays of magnesium contents using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with an Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) showed greatest effectiveness of deacidification by washing. Dispersion spraying requires repetition of the operation at least three times in order to provide an effect that would be comparable with that of washing. Brushing seems to be a less effective method of magnesium hydroxide application to paper. When comparing uniformity of magnesium application on the surface of the paper samples (mapping, SEM-EDX), it was found that the deacidifier was distributed more uniformly when sprayed than in the case of washing.

scholarly journals Recovery Logam Krom (VI) Menggunakan Polymer Inclusion Membran (PIM) dengan Senyawa Pembawa Aliquat 336, Topo dan Campuran Aliquat 336-Topo

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Khoirin Nita Ulfia ◽  
Khabibi Khabibi ◽  
Muhammad Cholid Djunaidi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Aliquat 336 ◽  
Scanning Electron

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang recovery logam krom (VI) menggunakan polymer inclusion membran (PIM) dengan senyawa pembawa aliquat 336, TOPO, dan campuran aliquat 336-TOPO. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan PIM, melakukan pemisahan ion krom (VI) menggunakan PIM dengan senyawa tunggal aliquat 336, TOPO, dan campuran aliquat 336-TOPO, menentukan pengaruh komposisi senyawa pembawa, pengaruh konsentrasi fasa umpan, waktu pengadukan, dan frekuensi pemakaian membran terhadap transpor ion logam krom (VI). Efisiensi pemisahan diketahui dengan menentukan pengaruh komposisi senyawa pembawa, menentukan kadar ion krom (VI) dengan variasi konsentrasi fasa umpan, ketebalan membran, dan banyaknya pemakaian membran menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry). Morfologi permukaan membran dapat diketahui dengan menggunakan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Pada proses transpor, fasa umpan adalah limbah elektroplating yang mengandung logam krom dengan pH 4,4 sedangkan fasa penerima adalah larutan NaCl 2 N dengan pH 6,3. Analisis gugus fungsi komponen penyusun membran dilakukan dengan spektroskopi FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transpor ion logam krom (VI) dipengaruhi oleh senyawa pembawa aliquat 336 dan campuran aliquat 336-TOPO. Keduanya lebih mempengaruhi transpor dibandingkan TOPO saja. Konsentrasi fasa umpan dengan konsentrasi awal 8,5 ppm, waktu pengadukan selama 72 jam, serta pemakaian pertama menghasilkan transpor ion logam terbanyak. Transpor terbanyak yaitu 97,8 % dari fasa umpan dan 76,5 % yang tertranspor ke fasa penerima.

scholarly journals Studies on the preparation of lead(II) chloride from galvanizing plant wastes

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
AJMT Neger ◽  
A Gafur ◽  
ASW Kurny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Lead Chloride ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Galvanizing plant wastes containing 71.82% lead was leached in hydrochloric acid. Lead was precipitated from the leach liquor as lead chloride and purified by recrystallisation. The process parameters like concentration of hydrochloric acid, time of leaching, mode of reaction, number of re-crystallization etc. were optimised. Nearly 70% of lead contained by the waste material could be leached out and converted to lead(II) chloride. The product (PbCl2) was characterised by atomic absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis showed that the product was 93% pure. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the product possess cotunnite phase having orthorhombic structure. The needle like shape of the prepared PbCl2 crystal was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Physical properties like melting point and density were also very close to those reported in literature. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(4), 415-420, 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.14071

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