Multiphase flow metering with nuclear magnetic resonance

AbstractThe measurement of fluids in the oil and gas industry requires a robust measurement of multiphase flows. Magnetic resonance as a measurement principle has multiple advantages over existing technologies (one single measurement principle, measurement performed from outside the pipe with no intruding sensors, full bore design, suited for producing wells and high sensitivity at high water liquid ratios). A magnetic resonance based multiphase flow meter which is capable of producing an image of the spatial distribution of a multiphase flow has been developed. This article describes the principles of magnetic resonance. Afterwards details of the technical implementation and the method by which the system determines multiphase flow composition are explained.

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The Challenges of Multiphase Flow Metering: Today and Beyond

Volume 2: Structures, Safety and Reliability; Petroleum Technology Symposium ◽

10.1115/omae2007-29527 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gioia Falcone ◽

Claudio Alimonti

Keyword(s):

Multiphase Flow ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Black Box ◽

Full Potential ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Individual Measurement ◽

Flow Metering ◽

Wet Gas ◽

The Impact

Since the early 1990’s, when the first commercial meters started to appear, Multiphase Flow Metering (MFM) has grown from being an area of R&D to representing a discipline in its own right within the oil and gas industry. The total figure for MFM installations worldwide is now over 1,800. Field applications include production optimisation, wet gas metering, mobile well testing and production allocation. However, MFM has not yet achieved its full potential. Despite an impressive improvement in the reliability of sensors and mechanical parts (particularly for subsea installations) over the past few years, there remain unresolved questions regarding the accuracy and range of applicability of today’s MFM technology. There is also a tendency to forget the complexity of multiphase flow and to evaluate the overall performance of a MFM as a “black box”, often neglecting all the possible uncertainties that are inherent in each individual measurement solutions. This paper reviews the inherent limitations of some classical MFM techniques. It highlights the impact of instruments rangeability, empirical correlations for pressure drop devices and fluids characterisation on the error propagation analysis in the “black box”. It also provides a comprehensive review of wet gas definitions for the oil and gas industry. Several attempts have been made to define “wet gas” for the purpose of metering streams at high gas-volume-fractions, but a single definition of wet gas still does not exist. The measurement of multiphase flows presents unique challenges that have not yet been fully resolved. However, the challenges are exciting and the authors have no doubts that new milestones will soon be set in this area. Today’s MFM technology has already become one piece of the optimised production system jigsaw. MFM has succeeded in fitting with other technologies toward global field-wide solutions. The ideal MFM of the future is one that provides unambiguous measurements of key parameters from which the flow rates can be deduced independently from flow regimes and fluid properties.

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In Well Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Multiphase Flowmeter in the Oil and Gas Industry

10.2118/89978-ms ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.T. Ong ◽

M.B. Oyeneyin ◽

E.J. Coutts ◽

I.M. MacLean

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Nuclear Magnetic

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Predicting the Dynamic Parameters of Multiphase Flow in CFD (Dam-Break Simulation) Using Artificial Intelligence-(Cascading Deployment)

Fluids ◽

10.3390/fluids4010044 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 44 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Hosseini Boosari

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Numerical Simulation ◽

Multiphase Flow ◽

Fast Track ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Dam Break ◽

Data Driven ◽

Time Step ◽

Gas Industry

Multiphase flow of oil, gas, and water occurs in a reservoir’s underground formation and also within the associated downstream pipeline and structures. Computer simulations of such phenomena are essential in order to achieve the behavior of parameters including but not limited to evolution of phase fractions, temperature, velocity, pressure, and flow regimes. However, within the oil and gas industry, due to the highly complex nature of such phenomena seen in unconventional assets, an accurate and fast calculation of the aforementioned parameters has not been successful using numerical simulation techniques, i.e., computational fluid dynamic (CFD). In this study, a fast-track data-driven method based on artificial intelligence (AI) is designed, applied, and investigated in one of the most well-known multiphase flow problems. This problem is a two-dimensional dam-break that consists of a rectangular tank with the fluid column at the left side of the tank behind the gate. Initially, the gate is opened, which leads to the collapse of the column of fluid and generates a complex flow structure, including water and captured bubbles. The necessary data were obtained from the experience and partially used in our fast-track data-driven model. We built our models using Levenberg Marquardt algorithm in a feed-forward back propagation technique. We combined our model with stochastic optimization in a way that it decreased the absolute error accumulated in following time-steps compared to numerical computation. First, we observed that our models predicted the dynamic behavior of multiphase flow at each time-step with higher speed, and hence lowered the run time when compared to the CFD numerical simulation. To be exact, the computations of our models were more than one hundred times faster than the CFD model, an order of 8 h to minutes using our models. Second, the accuracy of our predictions was within the limit of 10% in cascading condition compared to the numerical simulation. This was acceptable considering its application in underground formations with highly complex fluid flow phenomena. Our models help all engineering aspects of the oil and gas industry from drilling and well design to the future prediction of an efficient production.

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CFD for Multiphase Flow Transport in Pipelines

Volume 7: CFD and VIV; Offshore Geotechnics ◽

10.1115/omae2011-49514 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Ramdin ◽

R. A. W. M. Henkes

Keyword(s):

Surface Tension ◽

Multiphase Flow ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Bubble Velocity ◽

Multiphase Model ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Flow Transport ◽

Numerical Grid

There is an increasing interest in applying three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for multiphase flow transport in pipelines, e.g. in the oil and gas industry. In this study the Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase model in the commercial CFD code FLUENT was used to benchmark the capabilities. Two basic flow structures, namely the Benjamin bubble and the Taylor bubble, are considered. These two structures are closely related to the slug flow regime, which is a common flow pattern encountered in multiphase transport pipelines. After non-dimensionalization, the scaled bubble velocity (Froude number) is only dependent on the Reynolds number and on the Eo¨tvo¨s number, which represent the effect of viscosity and surface tension, respectively. Simulations were made for a range of Reynolds numbers and Eo¨tvo¨s numbers (including the limits of vanishing viscosity and surface tension), and the results were compared with existing experiments and analytical expressions. Overall there is very good agreement. An exception is the simulation for the 2D Benjamin bubble at low Eo¨tvo¨s number (i.e. large surface tension effect) which deviates from the experiments, even at a refined numerical grid.

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Pressure Drop Determination for Multiphase Flow in a Vertical Well Tubing

10.53902/tpe.2021.01.000510 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah A Akintola

Keyword(s):

Pressure Drop ◽

Multiphase Flow ◽

Flow Model ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Modified Model ◽

Multiphase Fluid Flow ◽

Fluid Properties ◽

Multiphase Fluid

Several studies have been carried out, by researchers to predict multiphase flow pressure drop in the oil and gas industry, but yet there seems to be one being generally acceptable for accurate prediction of pressure drop. This is as a result of some constraints in each of these models, which makes the pressure drop predicted by the model far from accurate when compared to measured data from the field. This study is aimed at developing a multiphase fluid flow model in a vertical tubing using the Duns and Ros flow model. Data from six wells were utilized in this study and results obtained from the Modified model compared with that of Duns and Ros model along other models. From the result, it was observed that the newly developed model (Modified Duns and Ros Model) gives more accurate result with a R-squared value of 0.9936 over the other models. The Modified model however, is limited by the choice of correlations used in the computation of fluid properties.

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US experiences in water management of shale gas developments

The APPEA Journal ◽

10.1071/aj13114 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Daniel Cravens

Keyword(s):

Shale Gas ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

High Water ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Groundwater Supply ◽

The Us ◽

Drilling Rigs

More than 1,700 drilling rigs are operating in the US, with more than half in Texas. The avid and dry Permian Basin in southwest Texas is one of the most prolific oil and gas basins in the US. Vertical drilling to depths of 4,000 m, with horizontal laterals 2,000 m, is common. The fraccing of a horizontal well requires large amounts of water. In areas that completely depend on groundwater for frac water, the demand for the resource is high. Water transport and treatment costs can threaten the viability of even the best of projects. The volume of water required for different horizontal frac operations, changes depending on the formation, frac solutions, and lateral frac distances. Discoveries are being made that have determined that larger diameter horizontal fracs are yielding more product, but they require even more water. The oil and gas industry is beginning to realise that groundwater drilling and resource management can make or break an oil and gas project. In these areas where water availability depends initially on groundwater supply, a complete understanding of the available groundwater resource is critical. Economically viable solutions can ultimately be a combination of new wells, treated water, moveable water distribution systems, mobile treatment plants, surface storage, and deep injection of brine fluids. In this extended abstract, the experiences gained on existing shale gas developments in the US are used to address specific challenges faced in Australia.

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Multichannel Fiber-Optic Ring Converters for Optical Sensors of Physical Quantities

Journal of Nano Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.39.221 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 221-227

Author(s):

V. Shapar ◽

Vladimir Lysenko ◽

Alla V. Bondarenko

Keyword(s):

Optical Sensors ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Fiber Bundles ◽

Measuring Instruments ◽

Explosion Safety ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Physical Quantities

The substantial achievements in the area of manufacturing technology for optical fiber bundles and fiber-optic transducers (FOTs) stimulated interest in their application in various sensors of physical quantities as well as in measuring instruments. Being insensitive to electromagnetic interferences, FOTs demonstrated high sensitivity to measured physical quantities. They made it possible to perform contactless measurements in many cases of hindered access to the objects under investigation. Their spark-and explosion-safety as well as manufacturing simplicity make FOT-based measuring instruments especially useful for application in coal-mining and oil-and-gas industry where the safety problems are of vital importance.

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