Triplet Solvation Dynamics of Hydrogen Bonding Liquids in Confinement

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1017-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Weigl ◽  
Vincenzo Talluto ◽  
Thomas Walther ◽  
Thomas Blochowicz
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Full Advantage ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Solvation Dynamics ◽  
Alcohol Mixtures ◽  
Phosphorescence Spectra ◽  
Water Alcohol

Abstract We have developed a flexible experimental setup to conduct triplet solvation dynamics (TSD) experiments. The setup is capable of exciting dyes at 355, 320 and 266 nm. Phosphorescence spectra can be recorded up to a 10 ns-resolution usually covering three decades using a grating spectrograph and a CCD camera. In this contribution, we describe the experimental setup as well as first investigations on water-alcohol mixtures, microemulsions and new dyes for TSD, i.e. naphthalene derivates, which take full advantage of this experimental method sensitive to the local environment of the dyes.

Thermodynamic properties of water in the water-poor region of binary water + alcohol mixtures

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Liltorp ◽  
Peter Westh ◽  
Yoshikata Koga
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Molar Enthalpy ◽  
Partial Molar Enthalpy ◽  
Alcohol Water ◽  
Mixing Schemes ◽  
Alcohol Mixtures ◽  
Excess Partial Molar Enthalpy ◽  
Water Alcohol

In our previous thermodynamic studies, we suggested that alcohol molecules in water-poor water + alcohol mixtures exist as alcohol clusters in a form similar to the pure alcohols. Here, we use calorimetry and densitometry to investigate how H2O interacts with alcohol clusters in water-poor binary aqueous mixtures of 12 different alcohols. The composition dependence of the measured excess partial molar enthalpy and volume of water (HEW and VEW), along with entropy data calculated from HEW and literature data for excess chemical potentials, showed that in water-poor solutions of small alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol, mutual water–water interactions are endothermic, but entropically favorable. Conversely, in long-chain solvents such as 1-octanol and 1-decanol, the interaction is exothermic and entropically unfavorable. We suggest that these observations reflect water–alcohol hydrogen bonding in short-chain solvents and water clustering with more hydrogen bonding than in pure water or "dewetting" in mixtures of the longer alcohols, respectively. The composition dependence of HEW was also used to locate anomalies that specify the boundary between the mixing schemes characterizing the intermediate and the water-poor regions of alcohol + water mixtures.Key words: aqueous alkane-mono-ols, excess partial molar enthalpy, entropy and volume, mixing schemes.

Equilibria in Water–Alcohol Mixtures

Nature ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 199 (4894) ◽  
pp. 692-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. JOHNSON ◽  
B. B. NILAWAR ◽  
R. H. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Mixtures ◽  
Water Alcohol

Residual stress determination in surface treated alumina samples applying beam limiting masks

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. S77-S81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Manns ◽  
André Rothkirch ◽  
Berthold Scholtes
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Stress Determination ◽  
Small Gauge ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
To Receive

This paper deals with the implementation of a theoretically described method to determine residual stresses in real space directly by means of small gauge volumes. For this purpose, beam limiting masks were designed, manufactured, and investigated in first experiments. Image series taken with a position sensitive CCD camera demonstrate the ability to detect interferences from gauge volumes beneath the sample surface by defined slit geometries. The experiments show that due to the highly absorbing masks the amount of detectable photons is poor, and thus long exposure times are necessary to receive suitable data. For increasing measurement depths (altering masks) a decrease in the intensity can be detected which leads to the assumption that the diffracted photons originate from deeper regions in the material. A model was developed to simulate the diffraction conditions with different mask layouts and material properties. Modeling yields consistent results with experimental data, and thus provides a basis for further improvements of the experimental setup and the realization and assessment of residual stress measurements.

scholarly journals The Effects of the Characteristics of Support Layers on Separation of Water-Alcohol Mixtures through Chitosan Pervaporation Composite Membranes.

MEMBRANE ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Qunhui Guo ◽  
Haruhiko Ohya ◽  
Youichi Negishi ◽  
Jicai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Alcohol Mixtures ◽  
Water Alcohol
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