An economic commentary on the occurrence and control of HIV/AIDS in developing countries: special reference to India

: Iran has been one of the active countries fighting against HIV/AIDS in the Middle East during the last decades. Moreover, there is a strong push to strengthen the national health management system concerning HIV prevention and control. In Iran, HIV disease has its unique features, from changes in modes of transmission to improvement in treatment and care programs, which can make it a good case for closer scrutiny. The present review describes the HIV epidemic in Iran from the first case diagnosed until prevention among different groups at risk and co-infections. Not only we addressed the key populations and community-based attempts to overcome HIV-related issues in clinics, but we also elaborated on the efforts and trends in society and the actual behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. Being located in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, given the countryspecific characteristics, and despite all the national efforts along with other countries in this region, Iran still needs to take extra measures to reduce HIV transmission, especially in health education. Although Iran is one of the pioneers in implementing applicable and appropriate policies in the MENA region, including harm reduction services to reduce HIV incidence, people with substance use disorder continue to be the majority of those living with HIV in the country. Similar to other countries in this region, the HIV prevention and control programs aim at 90-90-90 targets to eliminate HIV infection and reduce the transmission, especially the mother-to-child transmission and among other key populations.

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Stigma, Discrimination, and Ostracization: HIV/AIDS Infection in Nigeria

International Quarterly of Community Health Education ◽

10.2190/ll7f-03vg-3qat-r6p9 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 125-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adesola O. Oyelese

Keyword(s):

Health Professionals ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Infected People ◽

Aids Epidemic ◽

Major Constraint ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

And Control ◽

Hiv Aids

The AIDS epidemic continues and HIV-infected persons continue to suffer stigmatization and discrimination in Nigeria. The results of an open-ended questionnaire administered non-randomly in Ile-Ife and Ilesa in the late 1990s confirm this. Six questions on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were asked; 83 (36.4%) males and 145 (63.6%) females aged between 11 and 60 years responded. The respondents included 101 students, 49 civil servants, 39 artisans and traders. Others included 29 health professionals (doctors and nurses, etc.), 8 teachers, and 2 commercial sex workers. The median of negative responses (rejection) is 42.2%. It is concluded that there still exists a significant but suppressed or subtle stigmatization and discrimination against HIV-infected people, a major constraint in the management and control of HIV/AIDS.

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Women, Empowerment, and Mobile Phones in the Developing World

The Oxford Handbook of Mobile Communication and Society ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190864385.013.35 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 528-544

Author(s):

Laura Stark

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Mobile Phone ◽

Social Status ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Mobile Communication ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Mobile Telephony ◽

Women Empowerment ◽

Gender And Development ◽

And Control

This chapter surveys and analyzes recent literature on mobile communication to examine its relationship to gender and development, more specifically how women in developing countries use and are impacted by mobile phones. Focusing on issues of power, agency, and social status, the chapter reviews how mobile telephony has been found to be implicated in patriarchal bargaining in different societies, how privacy and control are enabled through it, what benefits have been shown to accrue to women using mobile phones, and what barriers, limitations, and disadvantages of mobile use exist for women and why. The conclusion urges more gender-disaggregated analysis of mobile phone impact and use and offers policy and design recommendations based on the overview and discussion.

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