Stigma, Discrimination, and Ostracization: HIV/AIDS Infection in Nigeria

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesola O. Oyelese
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

The AIDS epidemic continues and HIV-infected persons continue to suffer stigmatization and discrimination in Nigeria. The results of an open-ended questionnaire administered non-randomly in Ile-Ife and Ilesa in the late 1990s confirm this. Six questions on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were asked; 83 (36.4%) males and 145 (63.6%) females aged between 11 and 60 years responded. The respondents included 101 students, 49 civil servants, 39 artisans and traders. Others included 29 health professionals (doctors and nurses, etc.), 8 teachers, and 2 commercial sex workers. The median of negative responses (rejection) is 42.2%. It is concluded that there still exists a significant but suppressed or subtle stigmatization and discrimination against HIV-infected people, a major constraint in the management and control of HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals PERMASALAHAN GENDER DALAM KASUS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS - ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (HIV-AIDS) DI INDONESIA

EGALITA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avin Ainur
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Crisis Phenomenon ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p>HIV-AIDS epidemic is a global crisis phenomenon and the hardes challenges for social development, particularly for underdevelopment countries. In general, people with HIV-AIDS are adults who are at the productive age and almost half are women. The National HIV-AIDS Prevention Commission stated that the number of housewives infected by HIV continues to increase significantly every year. Conversely, the number<br />of HIV infected people from commercial sex workers decreased. This is due to HIV transmission from their husband or intimate partners who have risky behavior. This condition concern an increase in the number of cases of HIV transmission from mother to child. HIV-AIDS problems are expected immediately handled and focused on the prevention of HIV-AIDS on housewives. An attempt to strengthen human rights program on <br />women’s reproduction and improve women’s bargaining power to resist high risk sexual relations must be implemented sustainably.</p><p>HIV-AIDS merupakan fenomena krisis global dan tantangan yang berat bagi pembangunan dan kemajuan social, terutama bagi negara-negara miskin. Pada umumnya, penderita HIV-AIDS adalah orang dewasa yang berada dalam usia produktif dan hampir separuhnya adalah wanita. Komisi<br />Penanggulangan AIDS Nasional (KPAN) menyatakan bahwa jumlah ibu rumah tangga yang terinfeksi HIV di Indonesia terus meningkat secara signifikan setiap tahunnya, sebaliknya jumlah pekerja seks komersial yang terinfeksi HIV terus menurun. Hal tersebut disebabkan penularan HIV dari suami atau pasangan intim yang memiliki perilaku beresiko. Kondisi ini dikhawatirkan terjadi peningkatan jumlah kasus penularan dari ib ke anak. Permasalahan HIV diharapkan dapat segera ditangani dengan baik dan difokuskan pada pencegahan HIV-AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga. Seharusnya terus dilakukan upaya memperkuat program-program hak asasi reproduksi perempuan dan meningkatkan kekuatan menawar wanita untuk menolak hubungan seksual beresiko tinggi.</p><p><br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals RESPOSTAS DO CAMPO DA PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE NO ENFRENTAMENTO AO HIV/AIDS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-220
Author(s):  
Gilberto de Miranda Ribeiro Buso Gomes ◽  
Carlos André Rodrigues ◽  
Cléria Maria Lobo Bittar ◽  
Regina Célia de Souza Beretta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
The Face ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objetivo: investigar e analisar as respostas do campo da promoção da saúde no enfrentamento ao HIV/AIDS. Método: revisão sistemática da literatura sobre as respostas do campo da promoção da saúdeno fenômeno do HIV/AIDS. Busca em três bases de dados: SCIELO, DOAJ, CAPES. Descritores: síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida; HIV; promoção da saúde. Foram selecionados 10 estudos. Resultados: Com a pesquisafoi possível perceber ações de prevenção e promoção da saúde no enfrentamento ao fenômeno do HIV/AIDS, bem como ações coletivas de educação em saúde e políticas públicas de saúde objetivando a intersetorialidade e a autonomia. Conclusões: Com a realização da pesquisa reflete-se que o campo da promoção da saúde possui respostas significativas no enfrentamento à epidemia do HIV/AIDS, no entanto, mais estudos deverão ser realizados no intuito de fortalecer o arcabouço teórico-metodológico da promoção da saúde e em ações de saúde, visando à melhoria da qualidade de vida e escolhas de vida mais saudáveis, por parte de indivíduos e populações.Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida; HIV; Promoção da Saúde; Revisão Sistemática. RESPONSES OF THE FIELD OF HEALTH PROMOTION TO FACE HIV/AIDS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEWABSTRACT: Objective: to investigate and analyze the responses of the field of health promotion in the face of HIV / AIDS. Method: systematic review of the literature on the responses of the field of health promotion in the phenomenon of HIV / AIDS. Search in three databases: SCIELO, DOAJ, CAPES. Keywords: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HIV; health promotion. Ten studies were selected. Results: With the research it was possible to perceive actions of prevention and health promotion in the face of the HIV / AIDS phenomenon, as well as collective actions of health education and public health policies aiming at intersectoriality and autonomy. Conclusions: The research carried out reflects the fact that the field of health promotion has significant responses to the HIV / AIDS epidemic; however, further studies should be carried out to strengthen the theoretical-methodological framework for health promotion and health actions, aimed at improving the quality of life and healthier life choices, by individuals and populations.Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV; Health promotion; Systematic review.

scholarly journals Perfil epidemiológico das pessoas que vivem com HIV-AIDS: um desafio social

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. e561101624159
Author(s):  
Edvaldo Benevides de Souza ◽  
Renata Campos Silva ◽  
Nádia Cristina Ferraz Chiachio
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

A síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA; AIDS - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) é uma manifestação clínica avançada, decorrente de um quadro de imunodeficiência causado pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH, HIV-human immunodeficiency virus), o qual é transmitido pelas vias sexual, parenteral ou vertical. (UNAIDS. AIDS epidemic update; 2007). O HIV altera o DNA da célula, cria um ciclo de infecção em que, continuamente se multiplica, o que a tornou uma patologia crônica e potencialmente letal (Brasil, 2020). Para conter o quadro epidêmico da doença, faz-se estritamente necessário o acompanhamento e tratamento dos pacientes infectados. Diante disso, foi realizado a partir deste artigo, um estudo transversal descritivo, com base em dados do SINAN (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação), disponíveis no DATASUS, entre os períodos de 2010 e 2020, em cujo objetivo foi verificar o perfil epidemiológico das pessoas que vivem com HIV-AIDS, no Município de Vitória da Conquista, e constatar os efeitos da estigmatização da doença, do preconceito e mais atualmente da pandemia causada pelo vírus Covid-19. Dos dados coletados, cerca de 59,81% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, e 56,12% do sexo feminino. A maioria dos casos diagnosticados eram jovens de 18 a 28 anos. Em relação às notificações, as mesmas se mantiveram instáveis até o ano de 2019, no total em cerca de 24.000 a 25.000 casos notificados. Já no ano de 2020, ocorreu uma queda, com 8.434 casos notificados. Quanto à questão das raças, na pesquisa apontam para um aumento no número de casos de aids entre os pretos e pardos para ambos os sexos; negros foram cerca de 3.000 em 2008, passando por 1.915 em 2019, decaindo para 541 casos. Já os pardos, em cerca de 9.000 mil, em 2008, decaindo para 2.474, em 2020, enquanto que entre os brancos apontam para uma redução proporcional. Portanto, o estudo conclui que, questões sociais e outros fatores externos refletem no perfil de pacientes infectados pelo vírus HIV, assim como provocam alterações nos índices da doença no município de Vitória da Conquista.

scholarly journals Opportunistic parasitic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Laksemi ◽  
L. T. Suwanti ◽  
M. Mufasirin ◽  
K. Suastika ◽  
M. Sudarmaja
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases increases annually, and Indonesia has become the country with the fastest HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic spread among the five Southeast Asian countries. Indonesia entered the critical phase of HIV/AIDS infections after 5 out of the 33 provinces, namely, Papua, Jakarta, Bali, West Java, and East Java, reported HIV/AIDS epidemic since 2004. In AIDS pathophysiology and immune-suppression are severe, thus, opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections that cause diarrhea in HIV infection may be fatal. Several studies have suggested that Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, and Blastocystis hominis are the most common intestinal protozoan parasites categorized as AIDS associated illness. Diarrhea caused by parasites is considerably suspected in the cases of chronic and persistent diarrhea in adults, in an era of increasing HIV/AIDS cases nowadays. The present review highlights the current advances in etiologic agents of HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections among countries, epidemiology and prevalence, lifecycle, risk factors, examination methods, and treatment.

Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Tentang Hiv/Aids Di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nur Syamsi NL
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) adalah syndrom yang timbul akibat adanya virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. HIV/AIDS dapat menular melalui darah, sperma, cairan vagina, dan ASI (Air Susu Ibu). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang terletak di jalan Bung lorong 2, Kelurahan Tamalanrea, Kecamatan Tamalanrea Jaya, Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Besarnya sampel yang digunakan adalah 30 responden dari 600 populasi yang dipilih secara Total Sampling. Di mana dalam pengambilan data digunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden. Dari keseluruhan responden didapatkan tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang diteliti didapat 15 mahasiswa (50%) yang tingkat pengetahuan baik tentang HIV/AIDS dan terdapat 14 mahasiswa (46,7%) yang tingkat pengetahuan cukup tentang HIV/AID dan terdapat 1 mahasiswa (3,3%) yang tingkat pengetahuan kurang tentang HIV/AIDS

Pengetahuan dan Sikap Wanita Pekerja Seks (WPS) dalam Upaya Penanggulangan HIV/AIDS dengan Persuasi Penggunaan Kondom di Eks Lokalisasi Gempol Porong Kabupaten Banyuwangi Tahun 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Machria Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)  dan AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome masih menjadi ancaman kesehatan masyarakat secara global. Prevalensi HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Banyuwangi juga cukup tinggi yakni 4.557 kasus. Cara penularan HIV terbesar adalah melalui hubungan seksual (71 %). Sejumlah 18,23% orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) adalah wanita pekerja seks (WPS). Meskipun lokalisasi di Banyuwangi telah resmi ditutup pada tahun 2013, namun praktik prostitusi masih terselubung dijalankan. Hubungan seksual tanpa kondom menjadi mata rantai penyebaran HIV/AIDS di masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi pengetahuan dan sikap WPS dengan persuasi penggunaan kondom di eks lokalisasi Gempol Porong Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Desain penelitian adalah analitik kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian yaitu WPS di Eks Lokalisasi Gempol Porong berjumlah 32 orang yang diambil dengan teknik Total sampling. Pengambilan data dengan metode angket dan dianalisis statistik menggunakan SPSS 20.0 version. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa WPS yang memiliki pengetahuan rendah dalam penanggulangan HIV/AIDS sebanyak 56,2 %, sikap negatif sebesar 53,1% dan sebanyak 59,4% tidak melakukan persuasi penggunaan kondom. Analisis uji chi-Square menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan WPS dalam penanggulangan HIV/AIDS dengan persuasi penggunaan kondom (ρ = 0,002α), serta ada hubungan antara sikap WPS dalam upaya penanggulangan HIV/AIDS dengan persuasi penggunaan kondom (nilai ρ = 0,000α). Variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap penanggulangan HIV/AIDS dengan persuasi penggunaan kondom adalah sikap, dengan  probabilitas sikap negatif WPS sebesar 78%. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan pihak terkait guna peningkatan 100% penggunaan kondom sehingga dapat menekan angka pertumbuhan HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Banyuwangi.

Transfusion-Associated Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome—What Is the Risk?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
MARGARET C. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
And Control

Relatively few pediatricians will ever care for a child with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); yet, all will be asked questions about this disease. Parents want to know the risk of their children acquiring AIDS. The fear and even panic surrounding AIDS continues to escalate. To educate our patients and control panic, we must understand the disease and the routes of transmission. It is now clear that AIDS is one end of the spectrum of illness caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, formerly called HTLV-III/LAV). The virus is present in blood and body fluids. It is transmitted from person to person by sexual contact and by exchange of blood.

scholarly journals Analysis of HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Socioeconomic Factors in Sub-Saharan Africa

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuman Sun ◽  
Zhiming Li ◽  
Huiguo Zhang ◽  
Haijun Jiang ◽  
Xijian Hu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Sub-Saharan Africa has been the epicenter of the outbreak since the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) began to be prevalent. This article proposes several regression models to investigate the relationships between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and socioeconomic factors (the gross domestic product per capita, and population density) in ten countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, for 2011–2016. The maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the unknown parameters of these models along with the Newton–Raphson procedure and Fisher scoring algorithm. Comparing these regression models, there exist significant spatiotemporal non-stationarity and auto-correlations between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and two socioeconomic factors. Based on the empirical results, we suggest that the geographically and temporally weighted Poisson autoregressive (GTWPAR) model is more suitable than other models, and has the better fitting results.

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