Navigational health literacy among people with chronic illness

Objectives People with chronic illness are particularly dependent on navigating and using the health care system. This requires navigational health literacy (HL-NAV). The article aims to examine the distribution and predictors of HL-NAV in a sample of chronically ill individuals. Methods Data of 1,105 people with chronic illness from the general population in Germany were collected in December 2019 and January 2020. HL-NAV was assessed by 12 items (score 0–100). Bivariate and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. Results HL-NAV score was 39.1 (SD 27.3). In bivariate analyses, HL-NAV was lower among chronically ill persons aged 65 or above, with low education, limited functional health literacy, low social status, financial deprivation, poor social support, multiple chronic conditions, and an illness duration of 6–10 years. In multivariate analyses, advanced age, lower education, less functional health literacy, lower social status, and less social support remained associated with lower HL-NAV. Discussion The results underline the importance of promoting HL-NAV among people with chronic illness. Strategies should aim at strengthening individual competencies taking into account the social and situational factors but also at reducing the demands placed on chronically ill people by providing user-friendly and trustworthy information on the health care system along the illness trajectory.

Understanding The Implementation of Pancasila Based on Their Social Status

Introductions: Pancasila is an absolute and important thing in the life of the nation and state in Indonesia. Therefore every Indonesian citizen is obliged to understand and implement the values contained in it. With this research, it is possible to determine the level of understanding of citizens towards Pancasila based on their social status in society. Method: The method in this research uses qualitative techniques by filling out questionnaires and interviews with respondents. Respondents involved in this research were dominated by students, health workers, housewives, and farmworkers. The age of the respondents in this research ranged from 17-52 years according to their profession. The research began with filling out questionnaires by respondents and several inter-views, the data obtained were processed to produce conclusions. After that, it can be used as a reference to instill an understanding of Pancasila in the community. Results: The results of this research based on questionnaires and interviews with respondents obtained satisfactory answers. In other words, this research shows the level of education is a major factor and social status is not something that can hinder the understanding and implementation of Pancasila. All the respondents were able to mention the content and form of implementation of Pancasila. Conclusion: From the results obtained, it can be concluded that all respondents involved have been able to understand the form and implementation of Pancasila. It can be interpreted, that this must be held firmly so that understanding of Pancasila does not fade in the future. Limitation: The research is limited to Indonesian citizens and the lack of respondents involved is a limitation in writing this research. So the conclusions obtained only come from filling out questionnaires and interviews with the respondents involved.

Agonism and grooming behaviour explain social status effects on physiology and gene regulation in rhesus macaques

Variation in social status predicts molecular, physiological and life-history outcomes across a broad range of species, including our own. Experimental studies indicate that some of these relationships persist even when the physical environment is held constant. Here, we draw on datasets from one such study—experimental manipulation of dominance rank in captive female rhesus macaques—to investigate how social status shapes the lived experience of these animals to alter gene regulation, glucocorticoid physiology and mitochondrial DNA phenotypes. We focus specifically on dominance rank-associated dimensions of the social environment, including both competitive and affiliative interactions. Our results show that simple summaries of rank-associated behavioural interactions are often better predictors of molecular and physiological outcomes than dominance rank itself. However, while measures of immune function are best explained by agonism rates, glucocorticoid-related phenotypes tend to be more closely linked to affiliative behaviour. We conclude that dominance rank serves as a useful summary for investigating social environmental effects on downstream outcomes. Nevertheless, the behavioural interactions that define an individual's daily experiences reveal the proximate drivers of social status-related differences and are especially relevant for understanding why individuals who share the same social status sometimes appear physiologically distinct. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies’.

Understanding The Implementation of Pancasila Based on Their Social Status

Introductions: Pancasila is an absolute and important thing in the life of the nation and state in Indonesia. Therefore every Indonesian citizen is obliged to understand and implement the values contained in it. With this research, it is possible to determine the level of understanding of citizens towards Pancasila based on their social status in society. Method: The method in this research uses qualitative techniques by filling out questionnaires and interviews with respondents. Respondents involved in this research were dominated by students, health workers, housewives, and farmworkers. The age of the respondents in this research ranged from 17-52 years according to their profession. The research began with filling out questionnaires by respondents and several inter-views, the data obtained were processed to produce conclusions. After that, it can be used as a reference to instill an understanding of Pancasila in the community. Results: The results of this research based on questionnaires and interviews with respondents obtained satisfactory answers. In other words, this research shows the level of education is a major factor and social status is not something that can hinder the understanding and implementation of Pancasila. All the respondents were able to mention the content and form of implementation of Pancasila. Conclusion: From the results obtained, it can be concluded that all respondents involved have been able to understand the form and implementation of Pancasila. It can be interpreted, that this must be held firmly so that understanding of Pancasila does not fade in the future. Limitation: The research is limited to Indonesian citizens and the lack of respondents involved is a limitation in writing this research. So the conclusions obtained only come from filling out questionnaires and interviews with the respondents involved.