The labor market in the US, 2000–2020

Precarious Work and Young Workers in the United States

10.1093/oso/9780190685898.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Arne L. Kalleberg

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

The United States ◽

Young Workers ◽

Severe Problem ◽

Precarious Work ◽

The Great Recession ◽

The Us ◽

Training Opportunities ◽

And Training

This chapter discusses how the growth of precarious work and the polarization of the US labor market have produced major problems for the employment experiences of young workers. A prominent indicator of young workers’ difficulties in the labor market has been the sharp increase in their unemployment rates since the Great Recession. Another, equally if not more severe, problem faced by young workers today is the relatively low quality of the jobs that they were able to get. Other problems include the exclusion of young workers from the labor market and from education and training opportunities; the inability to find jobs that utilize their education, training, and skills; and the inability to obtain jobs that provide them with an opportunity to get a foothold in a career that would lead to progressively better jobs and thus be able to construct career narratives.

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Brain waste? Educated immigrants in the US labor market

Journal of Development Economics ◽

10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.05.001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 255-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 126

Author(s):

Aaditya Mattoo ◽

Ileana Cristina Neagu ◽

Çağlar Özden

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

The Us

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Development of the Medical Interpreting Profession in the US

Handbook of Research on Medical Interpreting - Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-9308-9.ch001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Holly M. Mikkelson

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Labor Market ◽

The United States ◽

Role Of Government ◽

The Us ◽

Medical Interpreters ◽

Medical Interpreting ◽

Further Development

This chapter traces the development of the medical interpreting profession in the United States as a case study. It begins with the conception of interpreters as volunteer helpers or dual-role medical professionals who happened to have some knowledge of languages other than English. Then it examines the emergence of training programs for medical interpreters, incipient efforts to impose standards by means of certification tests, the role of government in providing language access in health care, and the beginning of a labor market for paid medical interpreters. The chapter concludes with a description of the current situation of professional medical interpreting in the United States, in terms of training, certification and the labor market, and makes recommendations for further development.

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Drug Violence, Immigration Enforcement, and Selectivity: Evidence from Mexican Immigrants

AEA Papers and Proceedings ◽

10.1257/pandp.20191091 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 ◽

pp. 192-198

Author(s):

Heriberto Gonzalez-Lozano ◽

Sandra Orozco-Aleman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Labor Market ◽

Mexican Immigrants ◽

The United States ◽

Immigration Enforcement ◽

Migration Experience ◽

The Us ◽

Deterrence Effect ◽

Drug Violence ◽

Interior Enforcement

We study how drug violence in Mexico and internal immigration enforcement in the United States affect the selectivity of Mexican immigrants. We find that violence is associated with an increase in English proficiency among immigrants. Furthermore, the deterrence effect of interior enforcement varies: it is associated with increases in the probability of observing undocumented immigrants with prior migration experience, who are English proficient and have higher unobservable abilities. Those factors are associated with a higher probability of finding a job, and higher productivity and earnings in the US labor market.

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Aggregate implications of occupational inheritance in China and India

The B E Journal of Macroeconomics ◽

10.1515/bejm-2018-0030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ting Ji

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Labor Market ◽

Labor Productivity ◽

Occupational Choice ◽

Choice Model ◽

Growth Potential ◽

China And India ◽

Productivity Gain ◽

The Us ◽

Occupational Inheritance

Abstract This paper documents occupational inheritance – that is, children’s inheritance of their parents’ occupations – in China, India, and other countries. Among the causes of the prevalence of occupational inheritance, we target two broad categories that impede growth: labor market frictions and barriers to human capital acquisition. Counterfactual experiments based on a tractable occupational choice model suggest that if the impediments mentioned above were reduced to the US levels, labor productivity would grow by 60–75% in China and 107–178% in India. China realized 74–89% of this growth potential from the 1980s to 2009. In addition, this productivity gain is accompanied by a decrease in the correlation of intergenerational incomes.

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