Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles

10.1520/d2354 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Film Formation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
Minimum Film Formation Temperature

A new approach to the measurement of the minimum film formation temperature of latex dispersions

2002 ◽  
Vol 211 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Pashley ◽  
Marilyn E Karaman ◽  
Barry W Ninham
Keyword(s):  
Film Formation ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Latex Dispersions ◽  
Minimum Film Formation Temperature

Effect of crosslinked core on minimum film formation temperature and morphology of composite microspheres

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinzo Omi ◽  
Takeyoshi Kohmoto ◽  
Mamoru Iso
Keyword(s):  
Film Formation ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
Composite Microspheres ◽  
Minimum Film Formation Temperature

Particle size as it relates to the minimum film formation temperature of latices

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2845-2849 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Jensen ◽  
L. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
Minimum Film Formation Temperature

scholarly journals Tracking Hydroplasticization by DSC: Movement of Water Domains Bound to Poly(Meth)Acrylates during Latex Film Formation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2500
Author(s):  
Sebastian M. Dron ◽  
Maria Paulis
Keyword(s):  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Acrylate Copolymer ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Minimum Film Formation Temperature ◽  
Latex Film Formation ◽  
Formation Step

The film formation step of latexes constitutes one of the challenges of these environmentally friendly waterborne polymers, as the high glass transition (TG) polymers needed to produce hard films to be used as coatings will not produce coherent films at low temperature. This issue has been dealt by the use of temporary plasticizers added with the objective to reduce the TG of the polymers during film formation, while being released to the atmosphere afterwards. The main problem of these temporary plasticizers is their volatile organic nature, which is not recommended for the environment. Therefore, different strategies have been proposed to overcome their massive use. One of them is the use of hydroplasticization, as water, abundant in latexes, can effectively act as plasticizer for certain types of polymers. In this work, the effect of three different grafted hydroplasticizers has been checked in a (meth)acrylate copolymer, concluding that itaconic acid showed the best performance as seen by its low minimum film-formation temperature, just slightly modified water resistance and better mechanical properties of the films containing itaconic acid. Furthermore, film formation monitoring has been carried out by Differential Scanning Calorimety (DSC), showing that itaconic acid is able to retain more strongly the water molecules during the water losing process, improving its hydroplasticization capacity.

Arsenic Diffusion and Segregation Behavior at the Interface of Epitaxial CoSi2 Film and Si Substrate

1993 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Hsia ◽  
T. Y. Tan ◽  
P. L. Smith ◽  
G. E. Mcguire
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Agreement ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Free Surfaces ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Segregation Behavior ◽  
P Type ◽  
Physical Reasons ◽  
Source Materials

ABSTRACTArsenic diffusion and segregation properties at the interface of the epitaxial CoSi2 and Si substrate have been studied. Samples have been prepared using Co-Ti bimetallic source materials and two types of (001) Si substrates: n+ (doped by As to ∼2}1019 cm−3) and p. For the n+ Si cases, the lower limit of the CoSi2 film formation temperature is increased by ∼200°C to ∼700°C. SIMS results showed As segregation into Si. For epitaxial CoSi2 film formation at 900°C, the As concentration has increased by a factor of ∼2 within a distance of ∼30nm from the interface, while the incorporated As in the film is ∼30-50 times less than that in Si. For p-type Si substrate cases, the epitaxial CoSi2 film was first grown and followed by As+ implantation (into the film) and drive-in processes. It is observed that As was segregated to the CoSi2-Si interface and diffused into Si. This is in qualitative agreement with our results obtained from the n+ substrate experiments and the results of other authors involving the use of polycrystalline CoSi2 films. In the present cases, all implanted As were conserved at a drive in-temperature of 1000°C for up to 100 s. This is in contrast to the polycrystalline CoSi2 film results which involve a substantial As loss to the film free surfaces. The physical reasons of this difference have been discussed.

In Situ Monitoring of Dispersion Film Formation Using Tapping-Mode Atomic Force Microscopy

2004 ◽  
Vol 838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Wenbin Liang ◽  
Steve Chum
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
Tapping Mode ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Mode Atomic Force Microscopy

ABSTRACTThe coalescence process of poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) and poly (ethylene-co-octene) (EO) dispersion particles was monitored in situ using tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM) equipped with a miniature hot stage. This work describes the effect of particle size on the film formation temperature based on direct experimental observation, clarifying further the debate about particle size effect on minimum film formation temperature (MFFT). The results suggest that semicrystalline polyolefin particles have similar deformation temperature dependence. Smaller particles tend to deform faster than larger particles, which is attributed to their smaller mass. Furthermore, morphology changes and mechanical property development associated with the film formation process are also discussed. The TMAFM technique is shown to be very useful in gaining insight into the film formation mechanism, which will provide guidance in future practical applications with polyolefin dispersions.

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