Investigating executive functions in youth with OCD and hoarding symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-357
Author(s):  
Melissa Elgie ◽  
Duncan H. Cameron ◽  
Karen Rowa ◽  
Geoffrey B. Hall ◽  
Randi E. McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Executive functions (EF) deficits are hypothesized to be a core contributor to hoarding symptoms. EF have been studied in adult hoarding populations, but studies in youth are lacking. The current study compared multiple EF subdomains between youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and youth with OCD and hoarding symptoms. Forty youth (8–18 years old) with a primary diagnosis of OCD were recruited. Participants were divided by hoarding severity on the Child Saving Inventory (CSI) into either the “hoarding group” (upper 33.3%) or the “low-hoarding group” (lower 66.7%). Groups were compared on EF tasks of cognitive flexibility, decision-making, and inhibitory control. Youth in the hoarding group exhibited significantly higher cognitive flexibility and lowered perseveration than the low-hoarding group. Hoarding and low-hoarding groups did not differ in any other EF subdomain. Hoarding symptoms in youth with OCD were not associated with deficits in EF subdomains; instead, youth who hoard exhibited higher cognitive flexibility compared to youth with low hoarding symptoms.

Executive Functioning Impairments in Adolescents with Early Diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S217-S218
Author(s):  
N. Nazarboland
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Competing Interest

Despite the neuropsychology literature provide reliable evidence of impaired executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), it has not been determined whether these deficits are prior to onset of the disorder or they begin to appear as consequence. To investigate whether recent onset of OCD in adolescence is characterized by executive functioning difficulties in behavioral inhibition, attentional flexibility, and decision-making. Executive functions were compared in adolescents with recent (past year) appearance of OCD symptoms (n = 40) and control group (n = 40). Three computerized tests within the CANTAB battery were completed by all subjects (the Affective Go/No Go task, the Intra-Dimensional, Extra-Dimensional Set-Shifting task, and the Decision-Making task). Using one-way ANOVA showed that compared with control group, the OCD adolescents displayed a bias towards negative stimuli with less errors on sad and hopeless words on the Affective Go/No Go task. They also made faster decisions while they bet more of their available points compared to controls, in the Decision-Making task. Adolescents with recent OCD diagnosis (less than one year) showed greater attention towards sad and hopeless stimuli and more impulsive behavior when making decisions. However, they were able to switch attentional set to neutral stimuli. These findings suggest that executive functioning impairments can characterize adolescence OCD from early beginning of the disorder.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Disorder-specific Right Inferior Prefrontal Dysfunction During Two Tasks of Inhibitory Control in Pediatric Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder Compared to Pediatric Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
K. Rubia ◽  
A. Cubillo ◽  
J. Woolley ◽  
R. Halari ◽  
A. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Stop Task

Inhibitory dysfunction is the key behavioural and cognitive phenotype of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and of obsessive-compulsive-disorder (OCD). Both disorders show deficits in tasks of response inhibition and cognitive flexibility as well as fronto-striatal brain dysfunctions during task performance. The goal of this research was to investigate differences and commonalities in functional neural networks mediating inhibitory control between adolescents with ADHD and those with OCD to identify disorder-specific neurofunctional biomarkers.Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare brain activation of 18/12 boys (Stop/Switch task) with clinical ADHD, 10 boys with clinical OCD and 20 healthy comparison boys during a tracking Stop task measuring motor response inhibition and its failure and a switching task measuring cognitive flexibility. Non-parametric permutation analyses were used for fMRI analysis (XBAM). Functional connectivity analyses investigating group differences in fronto-striatal connections will be presented at the conference.Both patient groups shared brain dysfunction compared to controls in right orbitofrontal, left dorsolateral (Stop task) and left inferior prefrontal cortices (Switch task). Right inferior prefrontal under-activation, however, was specific to ADHD during both tasks. Under-activation in left caudate and anterior cingulate was also specific to ADHD during the Switch task.Patients with ADHD appear to have both common and distinct dysfunctions during inhibitory control compared to OCD patients. The most consistent fMRI finding in ADHD of a dysfunction in right inferior prefrontal cortex during inhibitory control appears to be disorder-specific when compared to OCD, and may be a specific neurofunctional biomarker of ADHD.

scholarly journals Disturbed Monitoring and Response Inhibition in patients with Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome and Co-Morbid Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Verena Müller ◽  
Sönke Johannes ◽  
Berdieke Wieringa ◽  
Axel Weber ◽  
Kirsten Müller-Vahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Objective:Fronto-striatal dysfunction has been discussed as underlying symptoms of Tourette syndrome (TS) with co-morbid Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This suggests possible impairments of executive functions in this disorder, which were therefore targeted in the present study.Results:A comprehensive series of neuropsychological tests examining attention, memory and executive functions was performed in a group of 14 TS/OCD in co-occurrence with OCD patients and a matched control group.Results:While attentional and memory mechanisms were not altered, TS/OCS patients showed deficits in executive functions predominately in the areas of response inhibition and action monitoring.Conclusions:These findings provide further evidence for a substantial impairment of the frontal-striatal-thalamic-frontal circuit. We propose that the deficits in monitoring, error detection and response inhibition constitute the major impairment of TS/OCD patients in the cognitive domain.

scholarly journals Decision-making under uncertainty in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Pushkarskaya ◽  
David Tolin ◽  
Lital Ruderman ◽  
Ariel Kirshenbaum ◽  
J. MacLaren Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Decision Making Under Uncertainty ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder
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