The Role of Extracellular Regulated Kinases I/II in Late-Phase Long-Term Potentiation

ABSTRACT Neurocan is a component of the extracellular matrix in brain. Due to its inhibition of neuronal adhesion and outgrowth in vitro and its expression pattern in vivo it was suggested to play an important role in axon guidance and neurite growth. To study the role of neurocan in brain development we generated neurocan-deficient mice by targeted disruption of the neurocan gene. These mice are viable and fertile and have no obvious deficits in reproduction and general performance. Brain anatomy, morphology, and ultrastructure are similar to those of wild-type mice. Perineuronal nets surrounding neurons appear largely normal. Mild deficits in synaptic plasticity may exist, as maintenance of late-phase hippocampal long-term potentiation is reduced. These data indicate that neurocan has either a redundant or a more subtle function in the development of the brain.

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Chondroitin 6-sulphate is required for neuroplasticity and memory in ageing

Molecular Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41380-021-01208-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sujeong Yang ◽

Sylvain Gigout ◽

Angelo Molinaro ◽

Yuko Naito-Matsui ◽

Sam Hilton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chondroitin Sulphate ◽

Memory Loss ◽

Memory Deficits ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Aged Mice ◽

Age Related ◽

Term Potentiation ◽

Early Memory

AbstractPerineuronal nets (PNNs) are chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan-containing structures on the neuronal surface that have been implicated in the control of neuroplasticity and memory. Age-related reduction of chondroitin 6-sulphates (C6S) leads to PNNs becoming more inhibitory. Here, we investigated whether manipulation of the chondroitin sulphate (CS) composition of the PNNs could restore neuroplasticity and alleviate memory deficits in aged mice. We first confirmed that aged mice (20-months) showed memory and plasticity deficits. They were able to retain or regain their cognitive ability when CSs were digested or PNNs were attenuated. We then explored the role of C6S in memory and neuroplasticity. Transgenic deletion of chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (chst3) led to a reduction of permissive C6S, simulating aged brains. These animals showed very early memory loss at 11 weeks old. Importantly, restoring C6S levels in aged animals rescued the memory deficits and restored cortical long-term potentiation, suggesting a strategy to improve age-related memory impairment.

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"Silent" Metaplasticity of the Late Phase of Long-Term Potentiation Requires Protein Phosphatases

Learning & Memory ◽

10.1101/lm.498402 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 202-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

N. H. Woo

Keyword(s):

Protein Phosphatases ◽

Late Phase ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Term Potentiation

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A Role of Actin Filament in Synaptic Transmission and Long-Term Potentiation

Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.1523/jneurosci.19-11-04314.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 4314-4324 ◽

Cited By ~ 242

Author(s):

Chong-Hyun Kim ◽

John E. Lisman

Keyword(s):

Synaptic Transmission ◽

Actin Filament ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Term Potentiation

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Neurotrophins and Proneurotrophins: Focus on Synaptic Activity and Plasticity in the Brain

The Neuroscientist ◽

10.1177/1073858417697037 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 587-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Julien Gibon ◽

Philip A. Barker

Keyword(s):

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Synaptic Activity ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Term Potentiation ◽

Neurotrophin 3 ◽

New Findings ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain

Neurotrophins have been intensively studied and have multiple roles in the brain. Neurotrophins are first synthetized as proneurotrophins and then cleaved intracellularly and extracellularly. Increasing evidences demonstrate that proneurotrophins and mature neurotrophins exerts opposing role in the central nervous system. In the present review, we explore the role of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT3), and neurotrophin 4 (NT4) and their respective proform in cellular processes related to learning and memory. We focused on their roles in synaptic activity and plasticity in the brain with an emphasis on long-term potentiation, long-term depression, and basal synaptic transmission in the hippocampus and the temporal lobe area. We also discuss new findings on the role of the Val66Met polymorphism on the BDNF propeptide on synaptic activity.

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