SIX. The French Revolution as a World-Historical Event

Author(s):  
Immanuel Wallerstein
Author(s):  
Christiane Bender

2020 was the year of the 250th anniversary of G. W. F. Hegel, his friend Friedrich Hölderlin and Ludwig van Beethoven. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, there were not many options to commemorate publicly their outstanding legacy. We should rectify this as soon as possible! The French Revolution was the significant historical event of this generation, and Hegel, Hölderlin and Beethoven kept true to the idea of liberty lifelong. In an early contribution Joachim Ritter underlined the importance of the French Revolution for the elaboration of Hegel’s philosophy. As „a philosopher of liberty“ Hegel is described by Klaus Vieweg in his new biography. Is this also true for Hegel’s „Elements of the Philosophy of Right” and his understanding of state and society? What does his notion of liberty mean in this context? Can we learn from Hegel’s argumentation regarding problems we face today in our society? It will be the aim of this article to give some answers to these questions.


Author(s):  
Ronen Steinberg

The historiography of terrorism attributes a foundational place to the Reign of Terror, yet the Reign of Terror was very different from anything associated with terrorism today. This chapter aims at placing the Reign of Terror in the history of modern terrorism. It discusses the multiple meanings of terror during the revolutionary era, when it was seen simultaneously as an emotional experience, a historical event, and a political concept. It also examines the practices of political violence during the French Revolution, showing that they were less repressive and more chaotic than is often assumed. The chapter argues that the Reign of Terror invites us to question the definitions and broaden the categories of analysis that currently dominate the historiography of terrorism.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Maciej Junkiert

This article aims to examine the Polish literary reception of the French Revolution during the period of Romanticism. Its main focus is on how Polish writers displaced their more immediate experiences of revolutionary events onto a backdrop of ‘ancient revolutions’, in which revolution was described indirectly by drawing on classical traditions, particularly the history of ancient Greeks and Romans. As this classical tradition was mediated by key works of German and French thinkers, this European context is crucial for understanding the literary strategies adopted by Polish authors. Three main approaches are visible in the Polish reception, and I will illustrate them using the works of Zygmunt Krasiński (1812–1859), Juliusz Słowacki (1809–1849) and Cyprian Norwid (1821–1883). My comparative study will be restricted to four works: Krasiński's Irydion and Przedświt (Predawn), Słowacki's Agezylausz (Agesilaus) and Norwid's Quidam.


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