8. “Missing Links” and the Evolution of Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-157
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Of Development

Toward a Nonidealist Evolutionary Synthesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Evolutionary Synthesis ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Evolution Of Development ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Explanatory Framework ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Modern Physics

The received model of evolution sees all inherited features resulting from deterministic networks of interacting genes, implying that living systems are reducible to information in genetic programs. The model requires these programs and their associated phenotypes to have evolved by an isotropic search process occurring in gradual steps with no preferred morphological outcomes. The alternative is to recognize that clusters and aggregates of cells, the raw material of evolution, constitute middle-scale material systems. This implies the necessity of bringing the modern physics of mesoscale matter into the explanatory framework for the evolution of development. The relevant, often nonlinear, physical processes were mobilized at the inception of the phyla when their signature morphological outcomes first appeared and remain as efficient causes, albeit transformed, in present-day embryos. This physicogenetic perspective reengages with concepts of saltation, orthogenesis, and environment-induced plasticity long excluded from evolutionary theory.

EVOLUTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTION PROCESS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: POLITICAL ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
А.М. Amirzhanova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Evolution Of Development ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Election Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legislative Reforms ◽  
Number Of Parties

The article provides a comparative analysis of the evolution features of the formation and development of representational bodies through the institution of elections, which is one of the most important and urgent issues in the context of democratization in modern Kazakhstan. The main purpose of the scientific article is to analyze the elections in the formation of representative authority in Kazakhstan from the standpoint of political science. This is related to the fact that the electoral process in the country is developing in accordance with the democratic regime, undergoing legislative reforms and difficulties in improving. Thus, the article examines the issues of the evolutionary development of elections by the methods of comparative analysis, cross-temporal comparison, and identifies the features of development. Also, the structure of a representative government formed on the basis of elections in independent Kazakhstan, the peculiarities of the participation of the electorate in elections, the proportion of women in the Mazhilis, the number of parties, and the average age were compared. Elections are one of the main indicators in the formation of representative power.

Recursive Inter-Ethnic Violence and the Failure of Development Communication in Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Charles Chiedu Okigbo
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Evolution Of Development ◽  
Development Communication ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Dependency Model ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

This chapter traces the evolution of development communication and examines how it has helped or hindered peaceful coexistence in Africa. Starting with the dominant paradigm of the 1950s and 1960s, it explains the critical and dependency model of the 1970s as well as the participatory paradigm of the 1980s before concluding with the most recent iteration which is the social entrepreneurship model of McAnany (2012). These provide a backdrop for examining the place of communication in the recent developments in the six African countries which are among the 10 fastest growing economies of the world today. The final picture to emerge is one that underlines the importance of strategic communication in planned social change, especially in promoting peace and curbing inter-ethnic violence.

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