Distortions in Reproduction of Two-Interval Rhythms: When the “Attractor Ratio” Is Not Exactly 1:2

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno H. Repp ◽  
Justin London ◽  
Peter E. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Interval Ratio ◽  
Continuation Tapping ◽  
Bimanual Tapping ◽  
Rhythm Production

when rhythms consisting of two unequal intervals are reproduced cyclically, their interval ratio tends to be distorted in the direction of 1:2 (= 0.5), which thus seems to function as an “attractor ratio” (AR). However, recent results for musicians in a synchronization task (Repp, London, & Keller, 2011) have suggested an upward-shifted AR (USAR) somewhat greater than 0.5. Three new experiments suggest that this shift is not due to synchronization versus continuation tapping, the range of interval ratios employed, unimanual versus bimanual tapping, intensity differences between taps, or mental subdivision of the long interval, although some of these factors may affect its size. The new results also show that the USAR is found more consistently in musicians than in nonmusicians and seems to arise in rhythm production, not in perception. While the exact causes of the USAR remain unclear, the results suggest that the AR is not necessarily the mathematically simplest interval ratio.

Rhythm Production by the Bottlenose Dolphin

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi E. Harley ◽  
Wendi Fellner ◽  
Leslie Larsen-Plott
Keyword(s):  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Rhythm Production

scholarly journals Coupling Interval Ratio Is Associated with Ventricular Premature Complex-Related Symptoms

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung-Min Park ◽  
Sung Il Im ◽  
Kwang Jin Chun ◽  
Jin Kyung Hwang ◽  
Seung-Jung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Premature Complex ◽  
Coupling Interval ◽  
Interval Ratio

scholarly journals Beat Patterns Determine Inter-Hand Differences in Synchronization Error in a Bimanual Coordination Tapping Task

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 204166952110538
Author(s):  
Yuka Saito ◽  
Tomoki Maezawa ◽  
Jun I. Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Synchronization Error ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Synchronization Errors ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Beat Pattern ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Apparent Inconsistency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bimanual Tapping

A previous study reported the unique finding that people tapping a beat pattern with the right hand produce larger negative synchronization error than when tapping with the left hand or other effectors, in contrast to previous studies that have shown that the hands tap patterns simultaneously without any synchronization errors. We examined whether the inter-hand difference in synchronization error occurred due to handedness or to a specificity of the beat pattern employed in that study. Two experiments manipulated the hand–beat assignments. A comparison between the identical beat to the pacing signal and a beat with a longer interval excluded the handedness hypothesis and demonstrated that beat patterns with relatively shorter intervals were tapped earlier (Experiment 1). These synchronization errors were not local but occurred consistently throughout the beat patterns. Experiment 2 excluded alternative explanations. These results indicate that the apparent inconsistency in previous studies was due to the specificity of the beat patterns, suggesting that a beat pattern with a relatively shorter interval between hands is tapped earlier than beats with longer intervals. Our finding that the bimanual tapping of different beat patterns produced different synchronization errors suggests that the notion of a central timing system may need to be revised.

Implementasi Financial Literacy Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Financial Performance Pada Keberlangsungan Usaha Koperasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396
Author(s):  
Nurhayat Indra ◽  
M. Ardi Nupi H ◽  
Gumilar Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Business Sustainability ◽  
Operating Cash Flow ◽  
Interval Ratio ◽  
Positive Pattern

The purpose of this research is to know the level of implementation of cooperative’s financial literacy in an effort to increase financial performance in cooperative’s business sustainability at the GKSI West Java Regional. Based on the research result that the level of financial literacy of administrators and managers are in Sufficient Literate (Quite Intellect), afterwards there are also supported by the indirect cash flow data which is in the third (3) cash flow pattern, it means the operating cash flow and financing cash flow is in positive (+) pattern, however the investment cash flow is in negative (-) pattern. Based on the financial performance from liquidity ratio, the cooperative is in very unwell criteria because the cooperative’s interval ratio is >300%, and from the activity ratio, the cooperative is in very unwell criteria because the cooperative’s interval ratio is <6 times, and from the leverage ratio, the cooperative is in well criteria because the cooperative’s interval ratio is <40%, and from the profitability ratio, the cooperative is in very unwell criteria because the cooperative’s interval ratio is <3%. Based on trend analysis, the sales forecasting rate for the next 5 years will be decreased every year. Then, it can be concluded that the administrators and managers have to reincrease their financial literacy to increase financial performance in its cooperative’s business sustainability.

Measurement Essentials in a Nutshell

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
Louis Narens ◽  
Brian Skyrms
Keyword(s):  
Scales Of Measurement ◽  
Interval Ratio

A quick introduction to scales of measurement, ordinal, interval, ratio, and absolute, and related issues of meaningfulness as invariance.

CSR in developing countries – the importance of good governance and economic growth: evidence from Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murumba Inekwe ◽  
Fathyah Hashim ◽  
Sofri B. Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Interval Ratio

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of public governance and economic growth on corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance in Egypt, Morocco, Mauritius, Nigeria and South Africa. It also assesses the trend of CSR performance in these countries over time. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a sample of five countries in Africa for the period 2012-2017. The multivariate regression model was used in testing the research questions/hypotheses. Robustness tests were performed to provide evidence to strengthen the findings of the study. Findings Findings suggest that both good governance and economic growth are significantly positively associated with CSR performance. However, while good governance has a relatively substantial effect size, economic growth has a small effect size. Overall, both variables have a considerably low confidence interval ratio and therefore stand a good chance of holding up in future research. Research limitations/implications The analysis is limited to within-country effects, thereby forgoing the opportunity to explain between-countries effects. Second, the sample size is relatively small because of the limitation of data availability on CSR in Africa; hence, population generalization is not intended but theory generalization. Practical implications Findings have implications for studies on CSR performance in Africa that fail to consider the socio-political and socio-economic level of development as contextual variables in the research design. Originality/value Prior studies on CSR have focused majorly on CSR performance–corporate financial performance relationship. Furthermore, there are several calls in the literature for research for a new direction on CSR in the context of developing countries, especially Africa. This paper responds to these literature gaps.

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