The Determinant Factors of Earnings Persistence

The purpose of this research is to provide empirical evidence about the effect of operating cash flow, sales volatility, cash flow volatility, operating cycle, and book tax difference on earnings persistence. The company used in this research is manufacturing company listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2016 until 2020. Samples of this research were selected based on the purposive sampling method and resulted in 43 companies, therefore the data used for this research amounting to 215 data. The data obtained from these samples were analyzed using multiple regression method. The result of this research show that operating cycle have influence on earnings persistence. While operating cash flow, sales volatility, cash flow volatility, and book tax difference have no influence on earnings persistence.

The Impact of Bullwhip Effect on the Cash Flow in Two-Parallel Supply Chain Systems with the Competition Effect

While considering the competition effect and market share, this study discusses how the cash flow bullwhip effect (CFBE) is impacted in two-product and two-parallel supply chain systems by comparing the situation that it has one kind of product in two-level supply chain (SC). Specifically, the study aimed to examine two-product and two-parallel SC systems that include two suppliers and two retailers. Assuming that the demand function is a linear relationship of price self-sensitivity coefficient and price cross-sensitivity coefficient, which is an AR(1) process, two retailers share the demand. After that, the quantitative equation of the CFBE was deduced from two-product and two-parallel SC systems. Finally, we get the condition that the competition effect and the market share increase or decrease the CFBE, which was in contrast to the situation without the competition effect and the market share. The paper suggested that the manager can cooperate with their partner if two products are substitutable. On the other hand, the firm should improve the forecasting accuracy of the customer’s demand and improve the service quality so that it can increase the market share and reduce the CFBE in two-parallel SC systems.

FEATURES OF CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF FREE CASH FLOW

The features are investigated, systematized, and reserves for improving the process of calculating and analyzing free cash flow are identified. The sources of information have been clarified, and a new indicator for assessing the effectiveness of cash flow management – the economic return on assets on free cash flow - has been recommended

The Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Going Concerned Audit Opinion (Empirical Study on Registered Agricultural Sector Companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2013-2019)

The study aimed to determine and analyze the effect of financial distress, firm size, profitability, cash flow ratio, leverage, and environmental performance on going concern audit opinion. The research object is the agriculture sector company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The population in this study were all companies listed in the agricultural sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2013-2019 period. The total population in this study was 21 companies. The method used in determining the sample using the purposive sampling technique. The sample in the study was 17 companies with 119 data analyzed. The study used secondary data and used multivariate analysis. The results of this research state that financial distress, profitability, cash flow ratio, environmental performance do not affect the acceptance of going concern audit opinion. The firm size has a negative effect on the acceptance of going concern audit opinions. In contrast, leverage positively affects the acceptance of going concern audit opinions in the agriculture sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2013-2019. Keywords: financial distress, firm size, profitability, flow ratio cash, leverage, going concern audit opinion.

Determination of Company's Value: A Study with Investment Opportunity as a Moderator Variable

This research focuses on the state of a company's valuation, which is always changing. The utilized variables to estimate firm value include free cash flow and interest rates, both of which have a positive relationship with company's value. The second purpose is to investigate the current situation of investment opportunities in industrial companies that are similarly highly volatile. The availability of free cash flow indicates the interest rate has a positive relationship with the investment opportunity set. An explanatory research design is used in this study, which aims to examine the correlation between variables. The manufacturing companies that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2013 and 2018 are the focus of this study. Thus, data were collected from 612 units using a purposive sampling technique. The findings reveal that whereas free cash flow has a strong positive indirect effect on company value via mediating the investment opportunity set, interest rates have a negative and minor indirect effect on firm value via mediating the investment opportunity set.

Getting the valuation formulas right when it comes to annuities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish the flow-to-equity method, the free cash flow (FCF) method, the adjusted present value method and the relationships between these methods when the FCF appears as an annuity. More specifically, we depart from the two most widely used evaluation settings. The first setting is that of Modigliani and Miller who based their analysis on a stationary FCF. The second setting is that of Miles and Ezzell who worked with an FCF that represents an autoregressive possess of first order.Design/methodology/approachInspired by recent observations in the literature concerning cash flows, discount rates and values in discounted cash flow (DCF) methods, we mathematically derive DCF valuation formulas for annuities.FindingsThe following relationships are established: (a) the correct discount rate of the tax shield when the free cash flow takes the form of a first-order autoregressive annuity, (b) the direct valuation of the tax shield from the free cash flow for a first-order autoregressive annuity, (c) the correct translation from the required return on unlevered equity to the levered equity, when the free cash flow is a stationary annuity and (d) direct calculation of the unlevered and levered firm values and the value of the tax shield for a stationary annuity.Originality/valueUntil now the complete set of formulas for the valuation of stochastic annuities by different DCF methods has not been established in the literature. These formulas are developed here. These formulas are important for practitioners and academics when it comes to the valuation of cash flows of finite lifetime.

Cash Flow Ratios for Evaluating Performance in Nepalese Commercial Banks

The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze the performance of Nepalese commercial banks through cash flow ratios. Descriptive as well as analytical research design has been used. All the government owned commercial banks has been taken as the sample of the study using judgmental technique. Sufficiency and efficiency ratios has been used for evaluating the performance of the concerned commercial banks. Data have been collected through the annual reports of respective banks covering for the financial year 2017/2018 to 2019/2020. All the banks are efficient to generate operating cash flow from sales and continued activities. However the cash generation from continued activities and asset utilization revealed sound in NBL and RBB than ADB in 2019/2020. Cash flow sufficiency revealed similar trends in all banks.

Non-Formal Education for MSMEs based on Business Financial Management Counseling

Micro small business in Tegalarum village is one of the micro small business groups in Mranggen District, Demak Regency. The majority of these micro small business entrepreneurs do not have skills in the field of finance, especially cash flow statements (cash flow statements). Therefore, non-formal education activities are needed in the form of counseling aimed at providing non-formal education through an outreach approach to the preparation of cash flow reports so that these reports can be accounted for and accountable. ) which has been prepared by the Indonesian Institute of Accountants (IAI) as a standard compiler for cash flow reports, so that this report can later be accounted for and can be read by parties with an interest in the report. The activity method in the form of a participatory training approach is carried out through several activity steps, namely: counseling, training and monitoring and evaluation. As for the results of non-formal education activities through counseling that has been carried out, it is known that micro small business entrepreneurs in Tegalarum Village, Mranggen District, Demak Regency have been able to increase their knowledge and skills in making financial reports, especially cash flow reports.Usaha mikro kecil desa Tegalarum merupakan salah satu kelompok Usaha mikro kecil Kecamatan Mranggen Kabupaten Demak. Mayoritas pengusaha Usaha mikro kecil tersebut belum mempunyai skill dibidang finance khususnya cash flow statement (laporan arus kas). Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan kegiatan pendidikan non formal berupa penyuluhan yang bertujuan memberikan pendidikan jon formal melalui pendekatan penyuluhan penyusunan laporan arus kas agar laporan tersebut dapat dipertanggungjawabkan dan akuntabel Dalam penyusunan laporan arus kas tersebut telah diatur dalam Pedoman Standar Arus kas kuntansi Keuangan (PSAK-45) yang telah disusun oleh Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (IAI) sebagai penyusun standar laporan arus kas, agar laporan ini nantinya bisa dipertanggungjawabkan dan dapat dibaca oleh pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan terhadap laporan tersebut. Metode kegiatan dalam bentuk pendekatan participatory training dilakukan melalui beberapa langkah kegiatan. yaitu : penyuluhan, pelatihan dan monitoring serta evaluasi. Adapun hasil kegiatan pendidikan non formal mekalui penyuluhan yang telah dilaksanakan diketahui bahwa pengusaha Usaha mikro kecil desa Tegalarum Kecamatan Mranggen Kabupaten Demak sudah mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dalam membuat laporan keuangan khususnya laporan arus kas.