Do Future Teachers Believe that Video Games Help Learning?

One of the factors associated with the educational use of video games is the conception that teachers and students have about their educative usefulness. However, there are no studies that identify what aspects are considered more effective to learn with video games and what kind of learning is more accessible using them. This study aims at identifying pre-service teachers’ conceptions regarding video game use for learning and specifically to know what aspects and learning they consider are more feasible. Likewise, we analyzed the pedagogical training effect of these conceptions for three groups of university students: primary pre-service teachers (who received general pedagogical training), secondary pre-service teachers (who received pedagogical training in only one area of knowledge) and other university students without pedagogical training. We applied a questionnaire to a sample of 422 university students. This questionnaire had two dimensions that differentiated between the pragmatic and epistemic uses of video games for learning and three dimensions about the different verbal, procedural and attitudinal learning which can be achieved with them. The results showed wide acceptance of video games as a learning resource in university students, but in particular secondary pre-service teachers pointed out higher possibilities of achieving learning with video games than primary pre-service teachers. On the other hand, university students pointed out more learning when video games were used in an epistemic way. In addition, they considered video games favor more verbal and procedural learnings than attitudinal ones. In conclusion, despite the positive conceptions of the students about learning with video games, we observed a less positive pattern in pre-service teachers with general pedagogical training. These results suggest that video game incorporation in schools is not being carried out fruitfully by education faculties. Therefore, we advocated for 21st-century training that optimized new conceptions and uses of video games.

Implementasi Financial Literacy Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Financial Performance Pada Keberlangsungan Usaha Koperasi

The purpose of this research is to know the level of implementation of cooperative’s financial literacy in an effort to increase financial performance in cooperative’s business sustainability at the GKSI West Java Regional. Based on the research result that the level of financial literacy of administrators and managers are in Sufficient Literate (Quite Intellect), afterwards there are also supported by the indirect cash flow data which is in the third (3) cash flow pattern, it means the operating cash flow and financing cash flow is in positive (+) pattern, however the investment cash flow is in negative (-) pattern. Based on the financial performance from liquidity ratio, the cooperative is in very unwell criteria because the cooperative’s interval ratio is >300%, and from the activity ratio, the cooperative is in very unwell criteria because the cooperative’s interval ratio is <6 times, and from the leverage ratio, the cooperative is in well criteria because the cooperative’s interval ratio is <40%, and from the profitability ratio, the cooperative is in very unwell criteria because the cooperative’s interval ratio is <3%. Based on trend analysis, the sales forecasting rate for the next 5 years will be decreased every year. Then, it can be concluded that the administrators and managers have to reincrease their financial literacy to increase financial performance in its cooperative’s business sustainability.

Association between regular arrangement of collecting venules and Helicobacter pylori status in routine endoscopy

Background The sensitivity of regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC)-positive pattern for predicting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-negative status greatly altered from 93.8 to 48.0% in recent two decades of various studies, while the reason behind it remained obscure. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of RAC as an endoscopic feature for judging H. pylori status in routine endoscopy and reviewed the underlying mechanism. Methods A prospective study with high-definition non-magnifying endoscopy was performed. RAC-positive and RAC-negative patients were classified according to the collecting venules morphology of the lesser curvature in gastric corpus. Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from the lesser and greater curvature of corpus with normal RAC-positive or abnormal RAC-negative mucosal patterns. Helicobacter pylori status was established by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Results 41 RAC-positive and 124 RAC-negative patients were enrolled from June 2020 to September 2020. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with RAC-positive pattern and RAC-negative pattern was 7.3% (3/41) and 71.0% (88/124), respectively. Among all 124 RAC-negative patients, 36 (29.0%) patients were H. pylori-negative status. Ten patients (32.3%) demonstrated RAC-positive pattern in 31 H. pylori-eradicated cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of RAC-positive pattern for predicting H. pylori-negative status were 51.4% (95% CI, 0.395–0.630), 96.7% (95% CI, 0.900–0.991), 92.7% (95% CI, 0.790–0.981), and 71.0% (95% CI, 0.620–0.786), respectively. Conclusions RAC presence can accurately rule out H. pylori infection of gastric corpus, and H. pylori-positive status cannot be predicted only by RAC absence in routine endoscopy. Trial registration The present study is a non-interventional trial.

Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Solar Radiation Exposure and COVID-19 Cases in Jakarta 2020

To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a threat to public health systems around the world. As of July 25, 2021, the numbers were still increasing in most countries, and the total confirmed cases reached 194,582,750 with 4,171,672 deaths (CFR 2.1%). In Indonesia, 3,166,505 cases were reported with 83,279 deaths (CFR 2.7%) in all provinces and dominated by cases from Jakarta. Therefore, this study aimed to find a correlation and the duration of solar radiation exposure spatially on the pattern of COVID-19 cases. An ecological design was used based on time and place with the integration of geographic information systems and statistical techniques. The correlation test results between solar radiation exposure and COVID-19 cases in Jakarta showed a significant relationship (p = 0.000) with a strong closeness and positive pattern (r = 0.666). Furthermore, the spatial map overlaying solar radiation exposure and COVID-19 cases showed urban villages with high radiation tend to increase in cases earlier than areas with moderate and low. The differences in geographical and temporal conditions are a concern for the Provincial Health Office. This can be a consideration in strengthening more specific prevention and control programs according to the risk level and characteristics of each region.

Pattern Mining on How Organizational Tenure Affects the Psychological Capital of Employees Within the Hospitality and Tourism Industry

Psychological capital (PsyCap) is a measure of the positive capabilities of an individual which consists of four components: hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism. In this study, the pattern of the effect of organizational tenure on the PsyCap of employees in the hospitality and tourism industry was mined. The PsyCap and length of service data of a sample of 329 employees working in some organizations related to hospitality and tourism were collected. The odds ratio was deployed to measure the pattern and strength of association and the findings showed that employees who stay longer years in an organization are 3.6 times more likely to exhibit high PsyCap than those who stay shorter periods. With the positive pattern of this association, it implies that indiscriminate retrenchment of long-serving employees should be avoided to preserve PsyCap within the industry.

Patterns of regulatory behavior in the still-face paradigm at 3 months: A comparison of Brazilian and Portuguese infants

Three infant regulatory behavior patterns have been identified during the Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm (FFSF) in prior research samples: a Social-Positive Oriented pattern (i.e., infants exhibit predominantly positive social engagement), a Distressed-Inconsolable pattern (i.e., infants display conspicuous negative affect that persists or increases across FFSF episodes), and a Self-Comfort Oriented pattern (e.g., infants primarily engage in self-comforting behaviors such as thumb-sucking). However, few studies have examined these patterns outside US and European countries or evaluated potential cross-country differences in these patterns. In this study, we compared the regulatory behavior patterns of 74 Brazilian and 124 Portuguese infants in the FFSF at 3 months of age, and evaluated their links to demographic and birth variables. The prevalence of the three regulatory patterns varied by country. The most frequent pattern in the Portuguese sample was the Social-Positive Oriented, followed by the Distressed-Inconsolable and the Self-Comfort Oriented. However, in the Brazilian sample, the Distressed-Inconsolable pattern was the most prevalent, followed by the Social-Positive Oriented and the Self-Comfort Oriented. Moreover, in the Brazilian sample, familial SES was higher among infants with a Social-Positive pattern whereas 1st-minute Apgar scores were lower among Portuguese infants with a Distressed-Inconsolable Oriented pattern of regulatory behavior. In each sample, Social Positive pattern of regulatory behavior was associated with maternal sensitivity, Self-Comfort Oriented pattern of regulatory behavior with maternal control, and Distressed-Inconsolable pattern with maternal unresponsivity.

Association Between Regular Arrangement of Collecting Venules and Helicobacter Pylori Status in Routine Endoscopy

Background: The sensitivity of regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC)-positive pattern for predicting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-negative status greatly altered from 93.8% to 48.0% in recent two decades of various studies, while the reason behind it remained obscure. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of RAC as an endoscopic feature for judging H. pylori status in routine endoscopy and reviewed the underlying mechanism.Methods: A prospective study with high-definition non-magnifying endoscopy was performed. RAC-positive and RAC-negative patients were classified according to the collecting venules morphology of the lesser curvature in gastric corpus. Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from the lesser and greater curvature of corpus with normal RAC-positive or abnormal RAC-negative mucosal patterns. H. pylori status was established by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Results: 41 RAC-positive and 124 RAC-negative patients were enrolled from June 2020 to September 2020. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with RAC-positive pattern and RAC-negative pattern was 7.3% (3/41) and 71.0% (88/124), respectively. Among all 124 RAC-negative patients, 36 (29.0%) patients were H. pylori-negative status. Ten patients (32.3%) demonstrated RAC-positive pattern in 31 H. pylori-eradicated cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of RAC-positive pattern for predicting H. pylori negative status were 51.4% (95%CI, 0.395-0.630), 96.7% (95%CI, 0.900-0.991), 92.7% (95%CI, 0.790-0.981), and 71.0% (95%CI, 0.620-0.786), respectively.Conclusions: RAC presence can accurately rule out H. pylori infection of gastric corpus, and H. pylori-positive status cannot be predicted only by RAC absence in routine endoscopy.Trial registrationThe present study is a non-interventional trial.

Accuracy of HPV E6/E7 mRNA examination using in situ hybridization in diagnosing cervical intraepithelial lesions

Background The consistency of pathologists in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINs) is not ideal, especially between low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL). This study was aimed to explore efficient strategies for the grading of CINs. Methods The medical records of patients with high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections who had underwent cervical biopsy or conization from April 2018 to April 2019 in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital were collected and examined. The HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA in the tissues of patients with CINs was detected using RNAscope chromogenic in situ hybridization (RISH). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to evaluate the expression of p16INK4a (P16) and Ki67. Results HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA signals were detected in 3/27 (11.1 %) of CIN 1, and in 32/33 (97.0 %) of CIN 2/3. Most of the staining patterns (27/32, 84.4 %) had a full-thickness epithelial layer staining with weak-to-strong nuclear and cytoplasmic dot-like signals in CIN 2/3, and there were also few special staining patterns that were significantly different from the others. A number of indicators were compared between LSIL and HSIL. There were statistically significant differences in E6/E7 mRNA, p16, Ki67 and cytology between the two groups (P < 0.05). According to the logistic regression analysis, merely E6/E7 mRNA positivity was significantly associated with CIN2/3 (OR: 52.53, 95 % CI, P < 0.05). In the detection of CIN 2/3, the sensitivity and specificity of HPV E6/E7 mRNA alone was not significantly inferior to that of its different combinations with Ki67, p16 and cytology (all, P > 0.05). Conclusions RISH is efficient in grading of CINs. The HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression might reflect the phase HPV infections, and its positive pattern might predict the development direction of CINs, providing the possibility to realize more accurate treatments for patients.

An aggregate method for thorax diseases classification

A common problem found in real-word medical image classification is the inherent imbalance of the positive and negative patterns in the dataset where positive patterns are usually rare. Moreover, in the classification of multiple classes with neural network, a training pattern is treated as a positive pattern in one output node and negative in all the remaining output nodes. In this paper, the weights of a training pattern in the loss function are designed based not only on the number of the training patterns in the class but also on the different nodes where one of them treats this training pattern as positive and the others treat it as negative. We propose a combined approach of weights calculation algorithm for deep network training and the training optimization from the state-of-the-art deep network architecture for thorax diseases classification problem. Experimental results on the Chest X-Ray image dataset demonstrate that this new weighting scheme improves classification performances, also the training optimization from the EfficientNet improves the performance furthermore. We compare the aggregate method with several performances from the previous study of thorax diseases classifications to provide the fair comparisons against the proposed method.

Positive Pattern Recognition System Using Alanine Aminotransferase, TypeIV Collagen 7S and E Value (Liver Stiffness) for the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Based on Natural History

Background: A simple diagnostic system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) instead of a biopsy is expected. We investigated the possibility of a positive pattern recognition system for evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and the stages of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods: 68 Japanese patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were enrolled. Serological biomarkers and markers obtained by medical imaging were investigated to explore candidates for diagnostic system. After selected markers were statistically evaluated, every patient was distributed in pattern combinations.Results: We selected three markers based on natural history and decided the critical values: alanine aminotransferase/ALT (persistent ≧ 45 IU/L) as hepatitis marker, type Ⅳ collagen 7S (≧ 5.1 ng/ml) as fibrosis one and E value (≧5.5 kPa) as stiffness one. After we statistically evaluated their accuracies, every patient was classified into their combination patterns. Major patterns were limited to four. Comparing relationships between histological classifications and positive patterns , the patients with NAFL were mainly distributed in pattern (ALT, type Ⅳ collagen , E value : -, -, -), those with NASH stage 0-1 in (+, -, +), those with NASH stage 2-3 in (+, +, +), and those with NASH stage 4 in (-, +, +).Conclusion: The positive patters changed with NAFL and NASH conditions. Our results showed a correlation between the positive patterns using three markers and histological results. Positive pattern recognition system based on natural history is useful in a differential diagnosis of NAFLD and for evaluation of the severity of fibrosis in patients with NASH.