scholarly journals The Distinctiveness Effect in the Recognition of Whole Melodies

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-272
Author(s):  
Miriam Rainsford ◽  
Matthew A. Palmer ◽  
James D. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Stimulus Set ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Frequent Interval ◽  
Distinctiveness Effect

Distinctive stimuli are better recognized than typical stimuli in many domains (e.g., faces, words). Distinctiveness predicts the point of recognition of a melody (Bailes, 2010), and the recognition of unique tones within a melody (Vuvan, Podolak, & Schmuckler, 2014), yet no studies have examined the role of distinctiveness in recognizing whole melodies. We composed a set of novel melodies according to rules that should result in these being perceived as more or less distinctive. Using computational analysis and human ratings by a group of 36 pilot testers, we established a final stimulus set of 96 novel melodies (48 eightnote, 48 sixteen-note), half of which were high and half low in distinctiveness. A separate group of 26 participants completed a recognition test using this stimulus set. Using linear mixed-effects modeling, we found that greater pitch and interval range, wider intervals, varied contour, and ambiguous tonality within a Western diatonic framework predicted human perception of distinctiveness. However, only a wider modal (most frequent) interval predicted correct recognition. Distinctiveness improved recognition performance in both stimulus lengths; however, a significant advantage was only shown for sixteen-note melodies. Thus, the distinctiveness effect as observed across domains generalizes to the recognition of longer, whole melodies.

scholarly journals Timing is everything: Aesthetic perception of movement kinematics in dance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Orlandi ◽  
Emily S. Cross ◽  
Guido Orgs
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Art Appreciation ◽  
Movement Trajectory ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Movement Timing ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Perceived Difficulty

What constitutes a beautiful action? Research into dance aesthetics has largely focussed on subjective features like familiarity with the observed movement but has rarely studied objective features like speed or acceleration. We manipulated the kinematic complexity of observed actions, by creating dance sequences that varied in movement timing, but not in movement trajectory. Dance-naïve participants rated the dance videos on speed, effort, reproducibility, and preference. Using linear mixed-effects modeling, we show that faster movement sequences with varied velocity profiles are judged to be more effortful, less reproducible, and more aesthetically pleasing than slower sequences with uniform velocity profiles. Accordingly, dance aesthetics depend not only on which movement is being performed but on how movements are executed and linked. Accordingly, the aesthetics of movement timing may apply across culturally-specific dance styles and predict both preference for and perceived difficulty of dance, consistent with an effort heuristic account of art appreciation.

O4-09-06: DO DEMENTIA BIOMARKERS HAVE A SIGMOID TRAJECTORY? INSIGHTS FROM NON-LINEAR MIXED EFFECTS MODELING

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P356-P356
Author(s):  
Akshay Pai ◽  
Stefan Sommer ◽  
Lars Lau Raket ◽  
Lauge Sørensen ◽  
Mads Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Non Linear

scholarly journals Seeing a Phrase " Time and Again" Matters: The Role of Phrasal Frequency in the Processing of Multiword Sequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Siyanova ◽  
K Conklin ◽  
WJB van Heuven
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Nonnative Speakers ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Nonnative English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling

Are speakers sensitive to the frequency with which phrases occur in language? The authors report an eye-tracking study that investigates this by examining the processing of multiword sequences that differ in phrasal frequency by native and proficient nonnative English speakers. Participants read sentences containing 3-word binomial phrases (bride and groom) and their reversed forms (groom and bride), which are identical in syntax and meaning but that differ in phrasal frequency. Mixed-effects modeling revealed that native speakers and nonnative speakers, across a range of proficiencies, are sensitive to the frequency with which phrases occur in English. Results also indicate that native speakers and higher proficiency nonnatives are sensitive to whether a phrase occurs in a particular configuration (binomial vs. reversed) in English, highlighting the contribution of entrenchment of a particular phrase in memory. © 2011 American Psychological Association.

scholarly journals Lifestyle-induced Stress Drives the Natural Immune Oscillations and COVID-19 Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Kundu ◽  
L Roman CARRASCO ◽  
R Manjunatha Kini
Keyword(s):  
Routine Activities ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Nervous Systems

Coronavirus and COVID-19 infections continue to wreak havoc across the world. Interestingly, the COVID-19 infections and deaths display a clear seven-day cycles. Mathematical analysis using linear mixed-effects models show that this periodicity is not due to reporting errors. We hypothesize that these COVID-19 cycles are related to natural immune cycles which also oscillate every seven days. These immune cycles are regulated by stress and mediated through the endocrine and the central nervous systems. Our routine activities and lifestyle of more stressful weekdays flanked by less stressful, relaxing weekends define the seven-day immune cycles. The synchronized low immunity levels in the population is responsible for repeated seven-day waves of pathogenic infections such as COVID-19. The new understanding of the role of immune oscillations will help in developing strategies to enhance our immunity through modified lifestyle and better, innovative prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases.

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