The African Development Bank, Organized Hypocrisy, and Maternal Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie M. Sommer ◽  
John M. Shandra ◽  
Michael Restivo ◽  
Holly E. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
African Development ◽  
African Development Bank ◽  
Sub Saharan

We draw on the theory of organized hypocrisy and examine how different forms of lending by the African Development Bank affect maternal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. We do so by using a two-way fixed effects model for a sample of 33 Sub-Saharan African nations from 1990 to 2010. We find that the bank's structural adjustment lending in the health sector is associated with increased maternal mortality, and its reproductive health investment lending is associated with decreased maternal mortality, consistent with the organized hypocrisy approach. These findings remain stable and consistent even when controlling for World Bank lending and other relevant control variables. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for global health and development.

The World Bank and Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Coburn ◽  
Michael Restivo ◽  
John M. Shandra
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
The Impact

We examine the impact of World Bank structural adjustment and health lending on child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2005. We use two-way fixed effects regression models to analyze data for a sample of thirty-one Sub-Saharan African nations. We find that when a Sub-Saharan African nation receives a World Bank structural adjustment loan then it tends to have higher levels of child mortality than when it does not receive such a loan. Conversely, we find that when a Sub-Saharan African nations receives a World Bank investment loan in the health sector then it tends to have lower levels of child mortality than it if does not receive an investment health loan. We conclude by talking about the theoretical implications, methodological implications, policy suggestions, limitations of the study, and possible avenues for future research.

Do Institutions Promote Firm Performance? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-137
Author(s):  
Adamu Jibir ◽  
Musa Abdu ◽  
Farida Bello ◽  
Iliya Garba
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Control Of Corruption

This article examines the roles of institutions in driving firms’ performance using merged Enterprise Panel Survey data sets collected and compiled by World Bank for 23 sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study used labour productivity as a proxy of firms’ performance due to its advantages over total factor productivity. To address the problems of multiple sources of heterogeneity and simultaneity biases, the study employed high-dimensional fixed-effects model together with its instrumental variable version to estimate the impacts of institutions on firms’ performance in SSA. The study established that institutions contribute significantly and positively to firms’ performance in SSA. The study infers that control of corruption, government effectiveness, regulatory quality and rule of law are pro-market institutions that effectively create favourable business and investment climates. Other findings of the study include capital–labour ratio, export, high school, average labour costs, research and development (R&D) and capacity utilisation, which all drive the firm’s performance in SSA. Thus, the findings imply that prevailing and future policies on business, trade and investment in SSA should also incorporate institutional reforms as one of the essential measures to rapidly and sustainably boost economic performance in the region.

scholarly journals Banking Sector Competition and Financial Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-85
Author(s):  
Charles K. Ricky-Okine ◽  
Twum Amankwaa ◽  
Emmanuel Anane
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Sub Saharan

The study sort to establishing a relationship between banking sector competition and financial development in subSaharan n Africa. The study further disaggregated the data used into Francophone and Anglophone countries, and these were examined separated and compared. Using an annual data on banks across 37 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa spanning the period 2001-2016 and employing the Fixed Effects estimation technique, the study revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between financial development (FDCredit) and competition (CR3) for the full sample and the anglophone samples. The study further revealed that banking sector stability is essential for the financial development of both Anglophone and francophone countries within the sub-region. Macroeconomic variables did not have any impact on financial development generally except in francophone countries where exchange rates were found to have an impact on financial development. Bank-level variables such as ZSCORE, non-performing loans, profitability, liquidity and capitalization, on the hand had little impact in Anglophone countries on financial development compared to francophone countries. The study found that larger banks contribute positively to the development of the financial sector and banks tend to be bigger in Anglophone countries, and their banking sector is also more competitive than the francophone countries for the period used. Less emphasis should be placed on bank-level variables as these do not have significant impacts on the financial sector for Anglophone countries. Francophone countries should, however, control bank-level variables to ensure that they achieve greater financial development. Citation: Ricky-Okine, C. K., Amankwaa, T.and Anane, E.Banking Sector Competition and Financial Development in Sub-Saharan Africa,2020; 5(3): 58-85. Received: July 18, 2020Accepted: September 30, 2020

Development Financing under Constraints: A Decade of African Development Bank. By Ime Ekop Ebong. Bonn-Bad Godesberg: Verlag Neue Sesellschaft GmbH. 1974. 172 pp.(special Issue No. 8 of the Vierteljahresberichte.)

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
M.A. Behzad
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
African Development ◽  
Know How ◽  
African Development Bank ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
The Given

Development Financing under Constraints, as the author himself puts it, is 'aimed to recapitulate the spirit in which the African Development Bank was founded, describe how it later functioned and why it functioned the way it did'. The study is an excellent attempt to highlight economic cooperation and integ¬ration and to discuss its rationale in view of the given constraints. The main idea behind the establishment of an institution, like the African Develop¬ment Bank (ADB), was necessarily an 'all-African Investment Bank' to promote development projects. The newly independent nations of Africa, lacking as they are in the basic infrastructure, are beset with difficulties in surviving as economically viable units. As such, the need for a pooling of resources and for technical know-how is particularly imperative

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