School Without Racism? How White Teachers in Germany Practice Anti-Racialism

Hanna Maria Burhoff

doi:10.15273/jue.v11i3.11240

School Without Racism? How White Teachers in Germany Practice Anti-Racialism

Journal for Undergraduate Ethnography ◽

10.15273/jue.v11i3.11240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 3-20

Author(s):

Hanna Maria Burhoff

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Racial Inequality ◽

White Teachers ◽

Comprehensive School ◽

Race And Racism

This qualitative study investigates how white teachers at a German Catholic comprehensive school conceptualize issues of “race” and racism in the context of being a “School without Racism – School with Courage” (SOR-SMC). By collecting signatures and exhibiting yearly projects, more than 3,300 schools in Germany brand their school to be “without racism”. I found the branding of my researched school to be a form of “anti-racialism” that opposed “race” and racism as concepts but did not tackle any underlying racist structures (Goldberg 2009, 10). The teachers I interviewed took the SOR-SMC branding for granted and assumed that the school was racism-free. They thereby engaged in silent racism and reproduced racist connotations and structures without challenging them (Trepagnier 2001). Being anti -racist is not accomplished by declaring a school as racism-free. Instead, white teachers need to understand that anti-racism involves a deeper engagement with the structures that keep “racial” inequality in place (Goldberg 2009, 10).

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White Perspectives on Race and Racism: A Qualitative Study

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e710222007-001 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Smith ◽

Madonna G. Constantine ◽

Chelsea B. Dize ◽

Sheila V. Graham

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Race And Racism

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A TEST OF THE AFRO CARIBBEAN MODEL MINORITY HYPOTHESIS

Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race ◽

10.1017/s1742058x16000035 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 109-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mosi Adesina Ifatunji

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

African Americans ◽

Racial Inequality ◽

Model Minority ◽

The United States ◽

Black Immigrants ◽

Race And Racism ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Mixed Support ◽

And Function

AbstractThroughout the twentieth century, Black immigrants from the Caribbean attained greater socioeconomic status than African Americans. Although Black immigrants remain an understudied population, recent studies show that Afro Caribbeans continue to outperform African Americans in the labor market. Given that these groups share a set of racialized physical features, some contend that this gap highlights the role of cultural attributes in the manufacture of Black ethnic and Black-White racial disparities. In this study, I investigate the degree to which cultural attributes associated with a specific form of themodel minority hypothesisare responsible for disparities between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans. I use data from theNational Survey of American Lifein order to test for the relative roles of work ethic, economic autonomy, oppositionality, family structure and function, and racial attitudes in the manufacture of disparate labor market outcomes between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans. I find mixed support for the idea that Afro Caribbeans constitute a model minority vis-à-vis African Americans and that differences in model minority attributes are only partially responsible for these labor market disparities. My findings suggest that racial inequality will not be undone if the racially stigmatized and marginalized simply work harder and complain less about race and racism in the United States.

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Whitewashing Capitalism: Mainstream Economics’ Resounding Silence on Race and Racism

Review of Radical Political Economics ◽

10.1177/0486613419873229 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 562-571

Author(s):

Tim Koechlin

Keyword(s):

Racial Inequality ◽

Jel Classification ◽

Economic Science ◽

Race And Racism ◽

Mainstream Economics ◽

Us Economy ◽

Economic Practices ◽

The Us ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of

This paper is about the gaping silence in mainstream economics regarding the relationship among capitalism, race, racism, and enduring racial inequality in the USA. Racial inequality is a glaring and enduring fact about the US economy. And yet mainstream economics has little to say about race or racism. Gregory Mankiw’s bestselling textbook devotes seven pages to “discrimination.” There is no discussion of racism per se. Mainstream economists and textbooks typically conflate racism and “discrimination,” and reassure the reader that “markets contain a natural remedy for employer discrimination” (Mankiw, 2008: 409). A student is likely to leave ECON 101 (or an economics major) with a sense that “economic science” has “shown” that discrimination is not that big a deal, and that the history of racist plunder and exploitation in the USA (of which there likely has been no discussion) is not relevant to “economics.” I argue here that the mainstream narrative (its assumptions, its logic, its conclusions, and its rhetorical choices and emphases) systematically obscures, dismisses, and ignores essential ways that racial inequality has been (re)produced by US capitalism. Especially striking is the resounding silence about the legacy of racist economic practices—in particular, the ways in which the enormous black/white wealth gap (and its effects) in the USA are linked to centuries of racist exclusion, violence, and plunder. The mainstream narrative thus whitewashes capitalism and exonerates “the market system.” The final section argues for a radical multidisciplinary economics. JEL classification: J15, D63

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Theorizing Race and Racism: Preliminary Reflections on the Medical Curriculum

American Journal of Law & Medicine ◽

10.1177/0098858817723662 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (2-3) ◽

pp. 239-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lundy Braun

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Critical Race Theory ◽

Racial Inequality ◽

White Supremacy ◽

Medical Curriculum ◽

Student Activism ◽

The United States ◽

Race And Racism ◽

Biomedical Knowledge ◽

Racial Capitalism

The current political economic crisis in the United States places in sharp relief the tensions and contradictions of racial capitalism as it manifests materially in health care and in knowledge-producing practices. Despite nearly two decades of investment in research on racial inequality in disease, inequality persists. While the reasons for persistence of inequality are manifold, little attention has been directed to the role of medical education. Importantly, medical education has failed to foster critical theorizing on race and racism to illuminate the often-invisible ways in which race and racism shape biomedical knowledge and clinical practice. Medical students across the nation are advocating for more critical anti-racist education that centers the perspectives and knowledge of marginalized communities. This Article examines the contemporary resurgence in explicit forms of white supremacy in light of growing student activism and research that privileges notions of innate differences between races. It calls for a theoretical framework that draws on Critical Race Theory and the Black Radical Tradition to interrogate epistemological practices and advocacy initiatives in medical education.

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Conclusion

Us versus Them ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190066574.003.0009 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 168-180

Author(s):

Jan Doering

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Social Control ◽

Urban Communities ◽

Racial Inequality ◽

Community Organizations ◽

Urban Change ◽

Race And Racism

The conclusion summarizes the book’s main findings and discusses them in conversation with scholarly literatures on urban change, racial inequality, and criminal justice bias. It suggests that scholars should examine the ways civic pressure encourages or produces invasive forms of social control. It highlights the importance of community organizations and local political fields in shaping urban communities and landscapes. In relation to the sociology of race and racism, the conclusion aggregates findings about the contexts and effects of racial challenges and neutralizations and calls on scholars to more systematically analyze the discursive interplay of these rhetorical practices.

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Culture, Contraception, and Colorblindess: Youth Sexual Health Promotion as a Gendered Racial Project

Gender & Society ◽

10.1177/0891243217745314 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 252-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chris Barcelos

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

Sexual Health ◽

Low Income ◽

Racial Inequality ◽

Reproductive Justice ◽

Race And Racism ◽

Latino Culture ◽

Race And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Long Acting

Feminist scholars have identified how race and gender discourses influence the creation and implementation of school-based sexual health education and the provision of health care, yet there are few studies that examine how race and gender work in sexual health promotion as it occurs through community-based public health efforts. Drawing on three years of ethnographic research in a low-income Puerto Rican community, this article demonstrates how a gendered racial project of essentializing Latinx culture surrounding young women’s sexuality and reproduction works to both obscure and reinforce race and racism in sexual health promotion. Professional stakeholders mobilize culture as an explanation for high birth rates among young Latinas in the city and reproduce a “Latino culture narrative” in which Latina gender and sexuality is understood as deterministic and homogenous. Simultaneously, an ideology of colorblindness enables the uncritical promotion of long-acting reversible contraception and obscures the history of reproductive oppression experienced by women of color. I consider how colorblindness and culture narratives allow stakeholders to abdicate responsibility for gendered racial inequality and conclude by advocating for the incorporation of racial and reproductive justice frameworks in sexual health promotion.

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The Fifth Frame of Colorblind Ideology: Maintaining the Comforts of Colorblindness in the Context of White Fragility

Sociological Perspectives ◽

10.1177/0731121417721910 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 912-936 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Uma M. Jayakumar ◽

Annie S. Adamian

Keyword(s):

Historically Black ◽

White Students ◽

Racial Inequality ◽

White Supremacy ◽

Black Colleges ◽

Historically Black Colleges ◽

Race And Racism ◽

Four Frames ◽

Colorblind Ideology ◽

Black Colleges And Universities

In the context of newly emerging racial backlash with implications for colorblind ideology, the authors explore understandings of race and racism among white students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). They build on Bonilla-Silva’s four frames of colorblind ideology and describe a fifth—the disconnected power-analysis frame. Interviews with 18 white students across three HBCUs revealed that this frame allows students with a limited but growing awareness of racial inequality to more strategically engage with and benefit from an environment where race is salient, while preserving white privilege in the process. The findings underscore the enduring significance of colorblind frames and the need for continued vigilance in naming covert race-coded language that perpetuates white supremacy.

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Statements Versus Reality: How Multiple Stakeholders Perpetuate Racial Inequality in Intercollegiate Athletic Leadership

International Journal of Sport Communication ◽

10.1123/ijsc.2021-0003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-30

Author(s):

Carter A. Rockhill ◽

Jonathan E. Howe ◽

Kwame J.A. Agyemang

Keyword(s):

Critical Race Theory ◽

Intercollegiate Athletics ◽

Racial Inequality ◽

Racial Diversity ◽

Race And Racism ◽

Leadership Positions ◽

Athletic Departments ◽

Diversity And Inclusion ◽

Athletic Leadership ◽

Equity And Inclusion

The lack of racial diversity, equity, and inclusion in leadership positions is an ongoing issue in intercollegiate athletics. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mission, vision, and diversity, equity, and inclusion statements of Power 5 athletic departments and their affiliated universities regarding racial diversity and inclusion to better understand how these two stakeholders work in unison or isolation when creating racially diverse environments. The authors utilized an innovative lens, which merges critical race theory with institutional theory to center race and racism while evaluating how these institutional logics interact in practice. The data show that Power 5 institutions maintain a lack of racial diversity through cultures and mission statements that omit diverse values, create symbolic statements, or lack meaning in creating a diverse reality.

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Social Movement Framing Tasks and Contemporary Racisms: Diagnostic and Prognostic Forms

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity ◽

10.1177/2332649220922564 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 233264922092256

Author(s):

Wade P. Smith

Keyword(s):

Social Movements ◽

Social Movement ◽

Race Relations ◽

Racial Inequality ◽

Racial Oppression ◽

Race And Racism ◽

Social Movement Framing

Increasingly, race scholars define racism as a structural and systemic phenomenon, rather than a matter of personal prejudice alone. Various theories of racism have been developed by asking “What causes racial inequality?” and defining as racist those mechanisms that reproduce it. In this essay, I ask a different question to expand the toolkit from which scholars can identify the racisms that characterize the contemporary era. Acknowledging that dramatic changes to systems of racial oppression are historically brought about by social movements, I ask, “What causes anti-racist movements to fail?” and define as racist those factors that prevent anti-racist movements from mobilizing supporters in the pursuit of change. I thus propose, define, and describe two forms of racism that connect theories of race and racism to theories of social movements. To enable success, social movements engage in (among other tasks) diagnostic and prognostic framing—that is, they identify conditions as problems and propose solutions. I thus propose the following forms of racism that manifest as sentiments that prevent anti-racist movements from successfully carrying out these tasks: diagnostic racism and prognostic racism. In conclusion, I explain how this conceptualization of racism complements and extends prevailing theories of race and racism and underscores the utility of bridging theories of race and racism and social movement theories in studies of race relations.

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