EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.5 MG OF NORETHINDRONE ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE, PREGNANEDIOL AND TOTAL OESTROGENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Larsson-Cohn ◽  
E. D. B. Johansson ◽  
L. Wide ◽  
C. Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Biphasic Pattern

ABSTRACT Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of LH, total oestrogens and pregnanediol were performed in 4 subjects during one control cycle, immediately followed for 2 or 3 months of daily treatment with 0.5 mg of norethindrone continuously. The control cycles were ovulatory according to all the parameters investigated. During treatment the mid-cycle LH peak disappeared in all cases while the basal LH excretion showed considerable day to day variations. The excretion of total oestrogens was increased in all subjects but did not show the normal biphasic pattern. Periods of increased oestrogen excretion also appeared in the subjects with consistently low progesterone and pregnanediol levels during the treatment. In two cases, all signs of luteal activity immediately disappeared after the commencement of treatment. The other cases had one and three periods of increased progesterone and pregnanediol levels respectively. However, these periods were shorter than those of the control cycles. One of the subjects had regular menstrual bleeding while the other three had more or less irregular vaginal flows, often appearing during elevated but declining oestrogen excretion.

EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.1 mg OF NORETHINDRONE ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TOTAL OESTROGENS

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Larsson-Cohn ◽  
Elof D. B. Johansson ◽  
Leif Wide ◽  
Carl Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of LH and oestrogens were performed in four women during one control cycle followed by three months of daily treatment with 0.1 mg of norethindrone. According to the plasma progesterone pattern, all four women seemed to ovulate during their control cycle. Two women became pregnant during their second cycle of treatment. During treatment all four women showed an atypical LH pattern without any distinct midcycle peak. The mean LH excretion during treatment was not significantly different from the mean level of follicular phase of normal cycles. The oestrogens and progesterone levels were within normal ranges. It is concluded that during treatment with 0.1 mg of norethindrone daily an apparently normal pregnancy may occur in spite of a different LH excretion pattern.

EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.5 mg OF CHLORMADINONE ACETATE ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TOTAL OESTROGENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Larsson-Cohn ◽  
E. D. B. Johansson ◽  
L. Wide ◽  
C. Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Chlormadinone Acetate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
All Treatment

ABSTRACT Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and total oestrogens were performed in 6 subjects during one control cycle, immediately followed by three cycles of daily treatment with 0.5 mg of chlormadinone acetate continuously. The control cycles were ovulatory according to the parameters investigated. Two of the women showed a normal LH excretion pattern in all treatment cycles. The four other subjects also had periodical variations in the LH excretion but no distinct midcycle peaks occurred. The mean oestrogen excretion was increased in all three treatment cycles but the difference was satistically significant only in the last two cycles. Compared with the treatment cycles, the sum of progesterone values was significantly decreased in the first two cycles. Chlormadinone acetate in this dose had no thermogenic effect. Three of the subjects showed bleeding irregularities which had no clear connection with the hormone variations measured in the study. It is suggested that the low levels of progesterone might be due to a defective corpus luteum function.

EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.3 mg OF NOREHTINDRONE ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF PREGNANEDIOL AND TOTAL OESTROGENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Larsson-Cohn ◽  
E. D. B. Johansson ◽  
C. Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Chlormadinone Acetate

ABSTRACT Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of total oestrogens and pregnanediol were performed in 7 subjects during one control cycle, followed by three months of daily continuous treatment with 0.3 mg of norethindrone (NET). The control cycles were ovulatory according to the parameters investigated. During treatment there was a tendency to cyclically increased oestrogen excretion, this being most marked in cycles with very depressed progesterone-pregnanediol levels. All the subjects showed signs of cyclical luteal activity. In most cases, the levels of progesterone and pregnanediol were lower than during the corresponding control cycles. It is suggested that this might be due to deficient corpus luteum function. The drug had no thermogenic effect. The length of the treatment cycles varied between 22 and 49 days. Only two of the women showed intermenstrual bleeding. It seems that 0.3 mg of NET has a weaker effect on the hormone levels than 0.5 mg of NET, but a stronger effect than 0.5 mg of chlormadinone acetate.

EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.03 mg OF d-NORGESTREL ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND THE URINARY EXCRETION OF OESTROGENS

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Larsson-Cohn ◽  
E. D. B. Johansson ◽  
C. Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Basal Body Temperature ◽  
Chlormadinone Acetate

ABSTRACT Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of oestrogens were performed in five subjects during one control cycle followed by three months of treatment with 0.03 mg of d-norgestrel. The control cycles were ovulatory according to the parameters investigated, although one of the women showed a monophasic basal body temperature. During treatment there was a tendency to a decrease of the oestrogen excretion. Three of the women showed one or several cycles with low progesterone levels. It is believed that this was due to a defective function of the corpus luteum. It seems that the effect of the present drug on the corpus luteum activity was about equal to that of chlormadinone acetate 0.5 mg daily, while 0.3 and 0.5 mg of norethindrone depressed the function more markedly.

LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) AND PROGESTERONE IN PLASMA AND LH AND OESTROGENS IN URINE DURING 42 NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLES

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elof D. B. Johansson ◽  
Leif Wide ◽  
Carl Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Peak

ABSTRACT The plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone and the urinary excretion of LH and oestrogens were measured during the normal menstrual cycle of 22 young and healthy women. A total of 42 cycles were investigated. The urinary excretion of total oestrogens increased during several days before the rise of LH in the urine. The day of maximum excretion of LH and total oestrogens coincided during the midcycle period. The mid-cyclic rise in LH was found to occur on the same day in the plasma and urine and the days of maximum values coincided in 11 out of 16 cycles. In 5 cycles the maximum level was reached one day later in the urine. The plasma levels of progesterone started to increase during the LH and oestrogen peaks. The days for maximum levels of progesterone coincided with the second peak of urinary oestrogens. The levels of progesterone in the plasma reached values above 10 ng per ml in all normal cycles. The plasma levels of progesterone were below 1 ng per ml plasma when menstrual bleeding started. The length of the luteal phase was 14.4 ± 1.1 (s) days. The sum of daily urinary excretion of total oestrogens and the sum of the daily plasma progesterone levels varied within 15 per cent of the mean in five out of six women studied during more than two cycles. The variation in values for the sums of daily oestrogen excretion and plasma progesterone levels was considerably larger between menstrual cycles of different women than between menstrual cycles of the same woman.

scholarly journals High doses of carbamazepine for refractory partial epilepsy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Borges Pereira ◽  
Carlos Otto Heise ◽  
Arthur Cukiert
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Partial Epilepsy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Partial Seizures ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Refractory Partial Epilepsy

Forty-eight patients with partial seizures were analysed during treatment with 1200 mg/d or more of carbamazepine (CBZ). Thirty-three were on monotherapy and fifteen on polytherapy. The other drugs were kept unchanged in the patients on polytherapy. The dose of CBZ was increased if no control was observed and the patient had no side effects. The doses used ranged between 1200 and 1900 mg/day (1200 mg/day, n=18; 1300mg/day, n=1; 1400 mg/day, n=7; 1600 mg/day, n=9; 1700 mg/day, n=4; 1800 mg/day, n=8; 1900 mg/day, n=1). Anticonvulsant plasma levels were taken to confirm patient compliance. The average plasma level was 9.6 ug/mL. The period of follow up varied from 3 to 96 months (M=25.6). Seizure's control was observed in 7 (14.48%) patients taking 1200 mg/day and in 2 (4.16%) patients taking 1400 mg/day of CBZ. Thirty-nine patients did not show any control (81.21%). Ten patients (20.81%) had signs of intoxication. When patients have no improvement with 1400 mg/day, it is difficult to obtain any control despite the use of higher doses of CBZ, which frequently expose the patient to significant side effects.

Glycyrrhizin induces mineralocorticoid activity through alterations in cortisol metabolism in the human kidney

1992 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kageyama ◽  
H. Suzuki ◽  
T. Saruta
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Cortisol Metabolism ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Activity

ABSTRACT It has been suggested that the mineralocorticoid action of glycyrrhizin is caused by a defect in the conversion of cortisol to cortisone through inhibition of the enzyme 11β-dehydrogenase (11β-DH). We investigated the functional significance of the inhibition of this enzyme as a mechanism of the mineralocorticoid action of glycyrrhizin. Eighteen healthy volunteers were divided into three groups of six and treated as follows: (1) 225 mg glycyrrhizin/day, (2) 0·1 mg 9α-fluorocortisol (FC)/day and (3) 225 mg glycyrrhizin and 1·5 mg dexamethasone/day, all of which were given for 7 days. The administration of glycyrrhizin or FC induced a similar mineralocorticoid effect; specifically, suppression of plasma renin activity, hypokalaemia and kaliuresis. During the concomitant administration of glycyrrhizin and dexamethasone, however, these mineralocorticoid effects were significantly attenuated. During the administration of glycyrrhizin, urinary excretion of cortisol increased without change in the plasma levels of cortisol, while both plasma level and urinary excretion of cortisone decreased. Changes in cortisol metabolism were not observed during the administration of FC. These results demonstrated the functional significance of the inhibition of 11β-DH in the mineralocorticoid activity of glycyrrhizin in man. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 135, 147–152

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE EFFECTIVENESS WITH WHICH EXOGENOUS LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE STIMULATE THE RELEASE OF ENDOGENOUS FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE DURING THE RAT OESTROUS CYCLE

1981 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. ASHIRU ◽  
M. E. RUSH ◽  
C. A. BLAKE
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Intact Rats ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The effects of exogenous rat LH or FSH on the release of endogenous FSH in the cyclic rat have been investigated. Rats were administered phenobarbitone to block the spontaneous increases in gonadotrophins in plasma during pro-oestrus and oestrus and then cannulated through the jugular vein or cannulated and hypophysectomized during the late morning or early afternoon of pro-oestrus. Comparison of patterns of plasma FSH in hypophysectomized and intact rats after i.v. injection of 0·5 μg FSH at 17.00 h suggested that exogenous FSH stimulated the release of endogenous FSH in less than 5 h. Intravenous LH (2 μg at 16.00 and at 18.00 h) raised the level of FSH in plasma between 2 and 6 h after the first injection of LH. Both gonadotrophins stimulated FSH release by the pituitary gland during the morning of oestrus. Comparison of patterns of plasma FSH in hypophysectomized and intact rats after i.v. injection of 0·25 or 0·05 μg FSH at 14.00 h suggested that the latency between FSH injection and stimulation of some FSH release by the pituitary gland is as short as 2 h. Intravenous LH (3,4 or 9 μg) at 14.00 h did not increase the level of FSH in plasma within 2 h and was only minimally effective in raising the level within 4 h. Intravenous LH (2 μg at 16.00 and at 18.00 h) on the afternoon of dioestrus day 2 was nearly as effective in increasing the levels of FSH in plasma as it was when administered to pro-oestrous rats. This procedure did not raise the plasma levels of FSH in rats used on dioestrus day 1. The results suggest that in the phenobarbitone-blocked, pro-oestrous rat (1) a small increase (less than that observed spontaneously) in plasma rat FSH during pro-oestrus is effective in stimulating FSH release by the pituitary gland, (2) an increase in plasma rat FSH can exert positive feedback on its own secretion within 2 h and (3) a large increase in plasma rat LH is not very effective in increasing the plasma level of FSH over a period of 4 h. The results also suggest that the spontaneous increase in plasma levels of FSH and, to a lesser extent, of LH is involved in causing the selective phase of FSH release which occurs during late pro-oestrus and the morning of oestrus, and that LH and FSH act differently, but not necessarily by way of a different mechanism, to stimulate release of FSH by the pituitary gland.

Adrenocortical tumours in children: our experience with nine cases

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S264-S274 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. CACCIARI ◽  
A. CICOGNANI ◽  
P. PIRAZZOLI ◽  
G. PAOLUCCI ◽  
A. MANCINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Hepatic Metastasis ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumor ◽  
Adrenal Androgens ◽  
Abdominal Sonography ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumours ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumour

Abstract Nine cases of adrenocortical tumor are presented, six were males. Four were less than three years and five were between 5 and 10 years of age. Clinical virilization was found in 8 children, one had only signs of hypercortisolism and another showed signs of virilization and hypercortisolism simultaneously. Urinary 17-KS and 17-OHCS were high in all patients. Plasma levels of testosterone and of the other adrenal androgens were high in all the cases tested. Plasma level of cortisol was elevated only in few cases. In two out of five cases steroids were only partially suppressed by dexamethasone. Computed tomography and abdominal sonography have been useful tods for the localization of the tumour. The resection of the tumour, indipendent of hystopathological diagnosis, led to a complete normalization of the clinical and hormonal picture in eight cases evaluated at a distance of 2 months 10 years after surgery. In one case a hepatic metastasis was observed and removed three years after surgery. Adrenocortical tumours are rare (Javadpour et al., 1980) and the vast majority of them are hormone secreting. Although cases have been described which showed feminilization and hyperaldosteronism (Bacon & Lowrey, 1965; Bhettay & Bormici, 1977; Crane et al., 1961; Gauguly et al., 1980), virilization and hypercortisolism are most commonly found (Hayles et al., 1966). This paper illustrates our experience with nine cases of adrenocortical tumour, eight of whom showed inappropriate virilization with or without hypercortisolism and one of whom was a classic case of Cushing's syndrome.

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