scholarly journals IMAGING IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: clinical indications and controversies in diagnosis and follow-up

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. R115-R130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Salvatori ◽  
Bernadette Biondi ◽  
Vittoria Rufini
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Clinical Indications ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

In recent years, 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) has emerged as an important tool for the postoperative management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and it is widely used in selected clinical situations. The most valuable role that FDG-PET/CT plays in clinical practice is that it can be used to obtain prognostic information in patients with increasing thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative 131I whole-body scan post-thyroidectomy and radioiodine (RAI) ablation. FDG-PET/CT may also have a potential role in the initial staging and follow-up of high-risk patients with aggressive histological subtypes, in the identification of patients who are at the highest risk of disease-specific mortality, in the management of patients with RAI-refractory disease, in clinical trials of novel targeted therapies in patients with advanced metastatic disease, and in the evaluation of thyroid nodules with indeterminate fine-needle aspiration for cytology. However, several controversies remain to be resolved, namely: the cutoff value of Tg in the selection of DTC patients for FDG-PET/CT, whether FDG-PET/CT scanning should be performed under thyrotropin stimulation or suppression, and the clinical significance of thyroid FDG-PET/CT incidentalomas. The aim of the present article is to provide an overview of the data about the molecular basis for, clinical indications of, and controversies related to the use of FDG-PET/CT in patients with DTC.

POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY WITH 18F -FDG IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTHETIC HEART VALVE ENDOCARDITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1151-1160
Author(s):  
A.S. Lukashevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valve ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the diagnostic significance of positron emission tomography / computed tomography with 18F -fluorodeoxyglucose (18F -FDG PET/CT) for the diagnosis of prosthetic endocarditis. Methods of research. The study included 82 patients with suspected prosthetic endocarditis in accordance with the criteria proposed by Duke University [1-5]. The patients received hospital treatment at the State Institution RSPC "Cardiology" from January 2016 to March 2021. The study was of a prospective, non-randomized, single-center cohort design. The duration of the monitor period was 12 months from the moment of patients’ inclusion in the study. Whole-body positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations were performed in 82 patients. 27 patients were selected for surgical treatment. Conservative treatment group included 16 patients. 27 patients were selected into the observation group, they were suspected to have prosthetic heart valve infection in the primary referral and underwent PET/CT scanning, according to which the diagnosis of prosthetic endocarditis was excluded. The event under the study did not develop in this group during the year of observation. Results and conclusion. The history of infective endocarditis was not statistically significant and did not increase the risk of developing prosthetic endocarditis in the sample presented. The Duke criteria are less reliable in establishing the diagnosis of prosthetic endocarditis. The median number of days from the date of the first prosthesis implantation to the onset of prosthetic endocarditis was about 4 years. This study revealed that the development of the infectious process in the area of the prosthesis was noted in a more distant postoperative period compared to literature data. Histological confirmation of infection was noted in 100% (27 patients) of cases in reoperated patients. The presence of a more formidable complication such as valve ring abscess located mainly in the projection of the aortic valve ring was quite common in both groups. Presepsin and Interleukin-6 have a statistically significant (U = 394,50 p = 0,01 and U = 94,50 p = 0.004) value in the prognosis of prosthetic endocarditis. Considering the data obtained from ROC analysis, it can be said that the cut-off point at which it is possible to diagnose prosthetic endocarditis based on PETCT is 2.85. The presented methods for the interpretation of whole-body FDG-PET/CT images of patients with suspected infectious complications after cardiac surgery, as well as with the presence of prosthetic endocarditis, show high sensitivity and specificity.

scholarly journals Lugano classification: response evaluation criteria for positron emission tomography/computed tomography in lymphoma follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar R. Ragheb ◽  
Amir L. Louka ◽  
Sherine M. Sharara
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to assess the role of 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG PET-CT) in the follow-up of patients with lymphoma after finishing therapy. Results This study included 42 lymphomas (25 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and 17 Hodgkin’s lymphoma); patients ranging in age from 18 to 70 years were examined by 18FDG PET-CT after therapy and analyzed retrospectively. Confirmatory biopsy was mandatory in cases of suspected disease recurrence and follow-up in cases of complete metabolic response. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography in assessment of lymphoma treatment response reveals significant statistical significance (P < 0.05). It shows 100% sensitivity, 92.8% specificity, and 95.2% accuracy in the prediction of response. Conclusion Positron emission tomography/computed tomography plays an important role in detection of response to treatment of lymphoma after finishing therapy.

scholarly journals Clinical Value of Fluorine-18 2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Bladder Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (25) ◽  
pp. 3973-3978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea B. Apolo ◽  
Jamie Riches ◽  
Heiko Schöder ◽  
Oguz Akin ◽  
Alisa Trout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Purpose Fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has been approved for imaging in many malignancies but not for bladder cancer. This study investigated the value of FDG-PET/CT imaging in the management of patients with advanced bladder cancer. Patients and Methods Between May 2006 and February 2008, 57 patients with bladder cancer at our center underwent FDG-PET/CT after CT (n = 52) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 5). The accuracy of FDG-PET/CT was assessed using both organ-based and patient-based analyses. FDG-PET/CT findings were validated by either biopsy or serial CT/MRI. Clinician questionnaires performed before and after FDG-PET/CT assessed whether those scan results affected management. Results One hundred thirty-five individual lesions were evaluable in 47 patients for the organ-based analysis. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 87% (95% CI, 76% to 94%) and 88% (95% CI, 78% to 95%), respectively. In the patient-based analysis, malignant disease was correctly diagnosed in 25 of 31 patients, resulting in a sensitivity of 81% (95% CI, 63% to 93%). FDG-PET/CT was negative in 15 of 16 patients without malignant lesions for a specificity of 94% (95% CI, 71% to 100%). Pre- and post-PET surveys revealed that FDG-PET/CT detected more malignant disease than conventional CT/MRI in 40% of patients. Post-PET surveys showed that clinicians changed their planned management in 68% of patients based on the FDG-PET/CT results. Conclusion FDG-PET/CT has excellent sensitivity and specificity in the detection of metastatic bladder cancer and provides additional diagnostic information that enhances clinical management more than CT/MRI alone. FDG-PET/CT scans may provide better accuracy in clinical information for directing therapy.

scholarly journals Clinical Impact of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Diagnostic Workup of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Annachiara Arnone ◽  
Riccardo Laudicella ◽  
Federico Caobelli ◽  
Priscilla Guglielmo ◽  
Marianna Spallino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

In this review, the performance of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in the diagnostic workup of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is evaluated. A comprehensive literature search up to September 2020 was performed, selecting studies with the presence of: sample size ≥10 patients and index test (i.e., “FDG” or “18F-FDG” AND “pancreatic adenocarcinoma” or “pancreas cancer” AND “PET” or “positron emission tomography”). The methodological quality was evaluated using the revised quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2) tool and presented according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Basic data (authors, year of publication, country and study design), patients’ characteristics (number of enrolled subjects and age), disease phase, type of treatment and grading were retrieved. Forty-six articles met the adopted research criteria. The articles were divided according to the considered clinical context. Namely, besides conventional anatomical imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), molecular imaging with FDG PET/CT is an important tool in PDAC, for all disease stages. Further prospective studies will be necessary to confirm the cost-effectiveness of such imaging techniques by testing its real potential improvement in the clinical management of PDAC.

Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography: A Novel Approach for the Diagnosis of Cholecystitis for Equivocal Diagnoses after Ultrasound Imaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1113
Author(s):  
Yosef Nasseri ◽  
Ariel J. Ourian ◽  
Alan Waxman ◽  
Alessandro D'Angolo ◽  
Louise E. Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Hida Scan ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission

Although hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan is often used when the diagnosis of cholecystitis remains questionable after ultrasound, it carries a high false-positive rate and has other limitations. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (18FDG PET-CT) has recently gained enthusiasm for its ability to detect infection and inflammation. In this study, we evaluate the accuracy of 18FDG PET-CT in diagnosing cholecystitis. Nineteen patients with suspected cholecystitis (Group S) underwent PET-CT and 10 had positive PET-CT findings. Of these 10, nine underwent cholecystectomies, and pathology confirmed cholecystitis in all nine. One patient was managed nonoperatively as a result of multiple comorbidities. Of the nine patients with negative PET-CT, six were managed nonoperatively, safely discharged, and had no readmissions at 3-month follow-up. The other three patients with negative PET-CT underwent cholecystectomies, and two showed no cholecystitis on pathology. The third had mild to moderate cholecystitis with focal mucosal erosion/ulceration without gallbladder wall thickening on pathology. 18FDG PET-CT detected gallbladder inflammation in all but one patient with pathology-proven cholecystitis with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.90 and 1.00, respectively. 18FDG-PET-CT appears to be a promising, rapid, direct, and accurate test in diagnosing cholecystitis and could replace HIDA scan in cases that remain equivocal after ultrasound.

Detectability of Colorectal Neoplasia With Fluorine-18-2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. S-415
Author(s):  
Tomoko Hirakawa ◽  
Jun Kato ◽  
Yoshihiro Okumura ◽  
Keisuke Hori ◽  
Sakuma Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

scholarly journals Potential and Clinical Significance of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Evaluating Liver Cancer Response to Lenvatinib Treatment

Oncology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daiki Yamashige ◽  
Yusuke Kawamura ◽  
Masahiro Kobayashi ◽  
Junichi Shindoh ◽  
Yuta Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Recist 1.1 ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The sensitivity of <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET/CT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is low; however, clinical evidence demonstrating its prognostic value in patients with HCC has recently been reported. This study aimed to assess the value of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET/CT as a tool for evaluating the response of HCC to lenvatinib treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We evaluated 11 consecutive patients with HCC diagnosed by dynamic CT or magnetic resonance imaging combined with <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET/CT from April 2018 to December 2019. The tumor-to-normal liver ratio (TLR) of the target tumor was measured before and during the course of lenvatinib treatment with <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET/CT (pre and post analysis, respectively), with a TLR ≥2 classified as PET-positive HCC. At the time of each evaluation, we also used the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, the modified RECIST (mRECIST), and the tumor marker alfa-fetoprotein (AFP). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 11 patients, 3 (27%) and 8 (73%) had an objective response to lenvatinib treatment at the time of post-analysis by RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST, respectively. There were 3 (27%) and 7 (64%) patients with PET-positive HCC at the time of pre- and post-analysis, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the rates of change in AFP and TLR during lenvatinib treatment (<i>r</i> = 0.69, <i>p</i> = 0.019). Based on these results, we were able to perform liver resection on 4 patients with PET-positive HCC as conversion therapy. Three samples from these patients showed poorly differentiated tumors. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET/CT has potential as an evaluation tool for describing biological tumor behavior and reflecting disease progression, location, and treatment response. This modality may provide useful information for considering prognosis and subsequent therapy.

Thyroid Incidentalomas on Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography: Incidence, Malignancy Risk, and Comparison of Standardized Uptake Values

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung H. Kao ◽  
Siew S. Lim ◽  
Seng C. Ong ◽  
Ajit K. Padhy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Thyroid Incidentaloma ◽  
Standardized Uptake Values ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Fluorine 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose

Introduction To determine the incidence of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid thyroid incidentalomas detected on positron emission tomography (PET) with integrated computed tomography (CT), and correlate the FDG–PET-CT findings to cytology. Methods A total of 942 FDG–PET-CT reports were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with FDG-avid thyroid incidentalomas were further reviewed for correlative cytology. Results The incidence of FDG-avid thyroid incidentalomas is 2.2%. Thyroid malignancies were identified in 3 of 6 patients who underwent cytologic correlation, with a positive predictive value of 50% (95% confidence interval, 14%-86%). The mean maximum standardized uptake values of benign and malignant FDG-avid thyroid incidentalomas were 5.6 and 6.6, respectively. Conclusion A FDG-avid thyroid incidentaloma may predict underlying malignancy. Cytologic assessment should be considered for FDG-avid thyroid incidentalomas.

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