LH-receptor activity and interaction with TGF-β family members in women with PCOS

Abstract Hyperfunctional endocrine thyroid and testicular disorders can frequently be traced back to gain-of-function mutations in glycoprotein hormone receptor genes. Deletion mutations in the third intracellular (i3) loop of the TSH receptor have recently been identified as a cause of constitutive receptor activity. To examine whether the underlying mechanism of receptor activation applies to all glycoprotein hormone receptors, we created deletion mutations in the LH and FSH receptors. In analogy to the situation with the TSH receptor, a deletion of nine amino acids resulted in constitutive activity irrespective of the location of deletions within the i3 loop of the LH receptor. In contrast, only one (Δ563–566) of four different 4-amino acid deletion mutants displayed agonist-independent activity. Systematic examination of the structural requirements for this effect in the Δ563–566 mutant revealed that only deletions including D564 resulted in constitutive receptor activity. Replacement of D564 by G, K, and N led to agonist-independent cAMP formation while introduction of a negatively charged E silenced constitutive receptor activity, indicating that an anionic amino acid at this position may be required to maintain an inactive receptor conformation. Insertion of A residues up- and downstream of D564 did not perturb receptor quiescence, showing that a certain degree of spatial freedom of the negatively charged amino acid within the context of the i3 loop is well tolerated. In contrast to the results obtained with the LH receptor, deletion of the corresponding D567 from the i3 loop of the FSH receptor did not cause constitutive receptor activation, highlighting significant differences in the activation mechanism of gonadotropin receptors.

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Effective Clinical Interviewing

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.0904.265 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 265-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pauline T. Flynn

Keyword(s):

Family Members ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Speech Language Pathologist ◽

Lay Persons ◽

Clinical Interviewing ◽

Client Management

Speech, language, and hearing professionals rely on many individuals to provide information about a client. Management programs, in part, are devised, modified, and evaluated according to responses obtained from the client, family members, educators, and other professional and lay persons who have contact with the client. The speech-language pathologist has the responsibility of obtaining pertinent, complete, unbiased information about clients. This article provides an overview of the essential elements of an interview.

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Much Ado About Fried Chicken: Abetting Aspiration or Respecting Autonomy?

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2019_ajslp-18-0207 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 1356-1362

Author(s):

Laurence Tan Lean Chin ◽

Yu Jun Lim ◽

Wan Ling Choo

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

End Of Life ◽

Multidisciplinary Team ◽

Biopsychosocial Model ◽

Family Members ◽

Clinical Decisions ◽

Goals Of Care ◽

Complex Needs ◽

Aspiration Risk ◽

Patient Centric

Purpose Palliative care is a philosophy of care that encompasses holistic, patient-centric care involving patients and their family members and loved ones. Palliative care patients often have complex needs. A common challenge in managing patients near their end of life is the complexity of navigating clinical decisions and finding achievable and realistic goals of care that are in line with the values and wishes of patients. This often results in differing opinions and conflicts within the multidisciplinary team. Conclusion This article describes a tool derived from the biopsychosocial model and the 4-quadrant ethical model. The authors describe the use of this tool in managing a patient who wishes to have fried chicken despite aspiration risk and how this tool was used to encourage discussions and reduce conflict and distress within the multidisciplinary team.

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A Strengths-Based Approach to Autism: Neurodiversity and Partnering With the Autism Community

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/persp2.sig1.56 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 56-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Amy L. Donaldson ◽

Karen Krejcha ◽

Andy McMillin

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

First Language ◽

Family Members ◽

Community Identity ◽

Speech Language Pathologists

The autism community represents a broad spectrum of individuals, including those experiencing autism, their parents and/or caregivers, friends and family members, professionals serving these individuals, and other allies and advocates. Beliefs, experiences, and values across the community can be quite varied. As such, it is important for the professionals serving the autism community to be well-informed about current discussions occurring within the community related to neurodiversity, a strengths-based approach to partnering with autism community, identity-first language, and concepts such as presumed competence. Given the frequency with which speech-language pathologists (SLPs) serve the autism community, the aim of this article is to introduce and briefly discuss these topics.

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