The power of place-makers and merchants: Papal and Marian items in the political economy of pilgrimage

Based on two field studies on the micro level of items which place-makers and merchants display at holy sites, an argument about the supply side of the political economy of pilgrimage is proposed. Place-makers and merchants rely on the established pilgrims’ traditions but differ concerning innovations. Place-makers are the principals of the sites and invest in innovations in order to secure the site’s long-term performance. Merchants rely on short-term purchase decisions of the pilgrims. They prefer tried and tested products and look for novelties which fits in the pattern of success. While the resilience of placemakers demonstrate the power of the supply side, the cautiousness of the merchants hints to its limits. Rome during Francis’Jubilee of Mercy and the Bavarian Marian shrine Altötting in the years after the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI are the case studies to illustrate these claims in the perspective of Marian and papal pilgrimage.

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European IPO Markets: The Post-Issue Performance Imperative

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice ◽

10.1177/104225879702100408 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 111-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Benoît F. Leleux ◽

Daniel F. Muzyka

Keyword(s):

Supply Side ◽

Demand Side ◽

Methodological Issues ◽

Secondary Markets ◽

Long Term Performance ◽

Term Performance ◽

European Markets

European secondary markets appear to have so far failed as providers of capital for emerging growth companies. Conventional explanations focus on the supply side of the market, blaming over-regulation, complex listing requirements, the absence of an equity culture, weak competition between national markets, and a shortage of growth companies. This paper highlights significant underperformance in long-term IPO returns in European markets, possibly affecting demand by Investors. Alternative demand-side factors, such as constraints on Institutional investments in small cap stocks and the consequent lack of supporting analysts, and methodological Issues in measuring long-term performance, are also discussed.

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Presidentialism with Parliamentary Characteristics

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894045.013.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

JeongHun Han

Keyword(s):

Historical Development ◽

Political System ◽

Political Regime ◽

The Political ◽

Mutual Dependence ◽

South Korean ◽

Long Term Performance ◽

Term Performance ◽

Presidential Systems

This chapter examines the characteristics of presidentialism in South Korea, equipped with several parliamentary institutional elements in the Constitution. Although the performance of these parliamentary elements have been actively disused, it has not been analysed in a systematic way. In redressing this weakness, this chapter aims to illustrate the conditions under and extent to which these elements distinguish South Korean presidentialism from other presidential systems. In so doing, it first reviews the historical development of these institutions and then explores their long-term performance, focusing both on the National Assembly’s involvement in the president’s appointment of personnel and on executive legislation. The analysis shows that constitutionally the South Korean political regime can be clearly identified as a presidential system. In addition, the parliamentary elements are unlikely to serve as a check on South Korean presidents to orient the political system into one which relies on a mutual dependence between the executive and the legislature.

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