Key issues in the formulation of marine antifouling paints

Twenty-one novel compounds were synthesized from the benzo[d]isothiazole-3(2H)-one and aromatic acid, the structures were identified by means of 1H NMR, IR, EA. The intro antibacterial experiment was carried out to evaluate the activities against antibacterial and the marine hanging plate experiment was also carried out to evaluate the activities against marine fouling organism. The results showed that all the compounds were active against the six bacterials, with an inhibiting rate of 90% at the concentration of 32 µg/ml against Gram-positive bacterials, and the antifouling paints couldn’t be attached by marine fouling organisms in the marine environment for more than 3 months.

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The use of broad-spectrum organic biocides in marine antifouling paints

Advances in Marine Antifouling Coatings and Technologies ◽

10.1533/9781845696313.3.522 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 522-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Antifouling Paints ◽

Marine Antifouling

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Synthesis of some B‐dicarbonyl derivatives of 4‐amino‐3‐thio‐1,2,4‐triazolidine and their use in marine antifouling paints

Pigment & Resin Technology ◽

10.1108/eb042782 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 7-8

Author(s):

M.M. Osman ◽

M.M. Abd El‐Malek ◽

A.B. Tadros

Keyword(s):

Antifouling Paints ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Marine Antifouling

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Modern trends in marine antifouling paints research

Progress in Organic Coatings ◽

10.1016/0300-9440(73)80004-9 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 159-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

A.T. Phillip

Keyword(s):

Antifouling Paints ◽

Marine Antifouling

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A study on tributyltin contamination of marine sediments in the major ports of Fiji

The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1071/sp01001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Matakite Maata ◽

Kanayathu Koshy

Keyword(s):

Marine Sediments ◽

Contaminated Site ◽

Antifouling Paints ◽

Fishery Resources ◽

The World ◽

Marine Antifouling

Tri-n-butyltin (TBT) compounds are synthetic, multipurpose chemicals, which have been extensively used, in marine antifouling paints. They have been known to be extremely poisonous to mollusc fishery resources (oysters, clams, scallops, etc.). TBT levels in marine sediments from the main ports in Fiji were analysed using the GC/FPD method. The results indicated that these sites were among the worst polluted with TBT in the world. The most contaminated site recorded a TBT concentration of 360 μgg-1. TBT comprised 48-90% of the total organotins measured. Some stringent legislative means are needed to regulate the use of this contaminant in marine anti-fouling paints.

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Endocrine active industrial chemicals: Release and occurrence in the environment

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1351/pac200375111895 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 75 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1895-1904 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A. Johnson ◽

M. Jürgens

Keyword(s):

Hot Spots ◽

Endocrine Disruptor ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Aquatic Ecology ◽

Careful Consideration ◽

Industrial Chemicals ◽

Antifouling Paints ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Active Substances ◽

Marine Antifouling

Of the xenobiotic endocrine active substances (EASs), tributyltin (TBT) has had the clearest link to an impact on aquatic ecology. Its release from marine antifouling paints had a drastic impact on dogwhelk populations in polluted harbors due to a masculization effect. 4-tert-nonylphenol is seen as the most significant of the industrial xenobiotic estrogen mimics, being implicated as the dominant endocrine disruptor in certain industrialized river reaches. Apart from hot spots associated with particular industries, the estrogenic alkylphenols, phthalates, and bisphenol A are present in effluent and receiving water at concentrations below that which would give cause for concern. Other more bioaccumulative compounds such as polybrominated flame retardants, dioxins, furans may possess some endocrine active properties. The possibility of additivity effects may yet mean that low concentrations of xenobiotic EASs will need careful consideration. It is noted that considerable quantities of many of these compounds are often found in sewage sludge and sediments.

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