A Review of Common Congenital Anomalies of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract: From Antenatal Diagnosis to Postnatal Follow-up

Introduction: Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) comprise various structural malformations that result from defects in morphogenesis of the kidney and/or urinary tract. In most cases, CAKUT are associated with infant mortality and morbidity in older children and adults. Hence this study was undertaken to follow up antenatally diagnosed cases of CAKUT and see their outcome in the first six months of life. Material and Methods: An observational follow up study was conducted in the department of Paediatrics in a tertiary care hospital. All inborn neonates, whose antenatal anomaly scans showed the presence of CAKUT were included in the study. Abdominal ultrasound (USG) were done on day three of life for all these neonates and those whose day three USGs showed presence of CAKUT were followed up over a period of six months and outcome was assessed. Results: CAKUT was more common among males. Hydronephrosis was the most common CAKUT in antenatal scans. Anomalies of the renal collecting system formed 93.9% of all CAKUT detected on antenatal anomaly scan and 57.4% of these resolved by six months of age. Abnormalities of the renal collecting system together formed 93.9% of all antenatally diagnosed CAKUT and were more common than abnormalities of the renal parenchyma which formed 6.1%. Postnatal resolution on day three USG was seen in seven out of 22 (31.8%) cases of antenatally diagnosed mild hydronephrosis irrespective of their site. Out of the 28 antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis, 11 (39.3%) resolved at some point during the follow up period of six months. Conclusions: Antenatally diagnosed CAKUT were more common among male foetuses. On day three scan, 29.2% of CAKUT showed resolution. Hydronephrosis remained the most common antenatally as well as postnatally detected CAKUT. Anomalies of renal collecting system were better detected by antenatal scans than anomalies of renal parenchyma

Download Full-text

Antenatal diagnosis, prevalence, and outcome of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in Saudi Arabia

Urology Annals ◽

10.4103/0974-7796.148671 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 132

Author(s):

MahmoodDhahir Al Mendalawi

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Antenatal Diagnosis

Download Full-text

Cystourethrography in congenital anomalies of the lower urinary tract

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e511112009-002 ◽

1980 ◽

Author(s):

Irwin M. Freundlich

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Lower Urinary

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of The natural history of lower urinary tract dysfunction in men: minimum 10-year urodynamic follow-up of untreated bladder outlet obstruction.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.722513190.793513452 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Inman

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Natural History ◽

Bladder Outlet Obstruction ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Outlet Obstruction ◽

Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction ◽

History Of ◽

Lower Urinary

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis of Monogenic Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.732045979.793568755 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Schedl

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Congenital Anomalies

Download Full-text

Large congenital bladder diverticula in children

Urologia Journal ◽

10.1177/03915603211015039 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 039156032110150

Author(s):

Ayşe Başak Uçan ◽

Arzu Şencan

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Postoperative Infection ◽

Recurrent Reflux ◽

Main Complaint ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Bladder Diverticula ◽

Transvesical Approach

Objective: Large congenital bladder diverticula (LCBD), congenital bladder diverticula (CBD) larger than 2 cm diameter, is a rare anomaly. The aim of this study was to report long-term surgical and clinical outcomes of children with LCBD. Methods: Medical charts of all children who were diagnosed with LCBD at our institution between April 2005 and December 2017, with at least 2 year follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Patients’ demographics, symptoms, operative technique, diverticulum size and localization, surgical outcomes and complications were recorded. Results: Fourteen patients with 18 LCBD, all male and age between 7 and 240 months (mean age: 53.5 months) were included in the study. Urinary tract infection was the main complaint in 10. Vesicoureteral reflux was detected in eight patients. Diverticula were 2–5.5 cm (mean 3.3 cm) in size. All diverticulectomies were performed transvesically and ureteroneocystostomy was added in 12 patients, 5 of whom were bilateral. No postoperative infection or recurrent reflux were observed. The median follow-up period was 4.5 years (2–12 years). Conclusion: Treatment of LCBD is mostly surgical and transvesical approach for diverticulectomy was found to be a safe and effective surgical procedure in long term follow-up.

Download Full-text