scholarly journals Avaliação do extrato de quitosana no manejo de tripes, Thrips tabaci, míldio, Peronospora destructor, e rendimento na cultura da cebola

Revista Thema ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 742-753
Author(s):  
Paulo Antonio de Souza Gonçalves ◽  
Edivânio Rodrigues de Araújo ◽  
Leandro Delalibera Geremias
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Peronospora Destructor

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso de quitosana na incidência e danos de tripes, severidade de míldio, produtividade e rendimento pós-colheita de cebola. A cultivar de cebola utilizada foi a Epagri 362 Crioula Alto Vale. O transplantio e a colheita de cebola foram realizados respectivamente em 18/08/2016 e 06/12/2016; 23/08/2017 e 04/12/2017. Os tratamentos foram doses do extrato de quitosana em pulverização foliar a 0,25%, 0,5%, 1%, 2% e testemunha sem aplicação. A incidência de tripes foi reduzida pelo extrato formulado em água com 2,25% p/v de quitosana e 12,5% p/v de vinagre de álcool, segundo o modelo, y= 4,95 -1,75x +0,72x2 (R2= 0,63, p= 0,04). Futuras pesquisas devem ser desenvolvidas para reduzir o odor e incrementar a solubilidade do extrato. A porcentagem de área foliar lesionada por míldio, produtividade e rendimento pós-colheita não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. Palavras-chave: Allium cepa; Thrips tabaci; Peronospora destructor; indução de resistência.

scholarly journals The Power of Genomic in situ Hybridization (GISH) in Interspecific Breeding of Bulb Onion (Allium cepa L.) Resistant to Downy Mildew (Peronospora destructor [Berk.] Casp.)

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Khrustaleva ◽  
Majd Mardini ◽  
Natalia Kudryavtseva ◽  
Rada Alizhanova ◽  
Dmitry Romanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Lethal Gene ◽  
Peronospora Destructor ◽  
Bulb Onion ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Interspecific Breeding

We exploited the advantages of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) to monitor the introgression process at the chromosome level using a simple and robust molecular marker in the interspecific breeding of bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) that is resistant to downy mildew. Downy mildew (Peronospora destructor [Berk.] Casp.) is the most destructive fungal disease for bulb onions. With the application of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and previously developed DMR1 marker, homozygous introgression lines that are resistant to downy mildew were successfully produced in a rather short breeding time. Considering that the bulb onion is a biennial plant, it took seven years from the F1 hybrid production to the creation of S2BC2 homozygous lines that are resistant to downy mildew. Using GISH, it was shown that three progeny plants of S2BC2 possessed an A. roylei homozygous fragment in the distal region of the long arm of chromosomes 3 in an A. cepa genetic background. Previously, it was hypothesized that a lethal gene(s) was linked to the downy mildew resistance gene. With the molecular cytogenetic approach, we physically mapped more precisely the lethal gene(s) using the homozygous introgression lines that differed in the size of the A. roylei fragments on chromosome 3.

scholarly journals Allium cepa L. responses when Gaeolaelaps aculeifer Canestrini and Parasitus bituberosus Karg are used to control Thrips tabaci Lindeman

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayerly Alejandra Castro-López ◽  
John Wilson Martínez-Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Mite Density ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

Thrips tabaci Lindemann is the main insect pest of Allium cepa L., causing both direct and indirect damage to crops. T. tabaci is controlled by applying chemically synthesized products; however, this insect has already developed resistance to organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids. This study evaluated the effect of soil predatory mites (Gaeolaelaps aculeifer Canestrini and Parasitus bituberosus Karg) on the population density of T. tabaci in potted bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) plants and on the response of physiological variables related to photosynthesis and plant development. Seven treatments were evaluated that released 50, 75 or 100 G. aculeifer or P. bituberosus adults, along with a control without predatory mites. Significant differences (P≤0.05) in the population density of T. tabaci were observed for 13 weeks, with a 78% reduction of individuals in the presence of G. aculeifer and a 72% reduction with P. bituberosus, regardless of mite density, as compared to the control. In addition, the relative chlorophyll index, foliar area, dry leaf weight and fresh bulb weight increased, as compared to the control. The application of 100 individuals of the two species recorded the highest values in the evaluated variables. These results indicate that G. aculeifer and P. bituberosus controls should be explored as an option for integrated T. tabaci management.

scholarly journals Doses de cinza de casca de arroz na incidência e danos de tripes e severidade de míldio em cebola em sistema orgânico

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Paulo Antonio de Souza Gonçalves ◽  
Edivânio Rodrigues de Araújo ◽  
João Vieira Neto ◽  
Fábio Satoshi Higashikawa ◽  
Cristiano Mora
Keyword(s):  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Peronospora Destructor

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de cinza de casca de arroz carbonizada sobre a incidência e danos de tripes, Thrips tabaci, severidade de míldio, Peronospora destructor, produtividade, rendimento pós-colheita de cebola e características químicas do solo em sistema orgânico. O estudo foi conduzido a campo na Epagri, Estação Experimental de Ituporanga, SC. A cultivar utilizada foi a Epagri 362 Crioula Alto Vale. Os tratamentos foram doses de cinza de casca de arroz carbonizada 5 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1 e testemunha. O delineamento foi blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. As doses de cinza não influenciam a incidência e danos de tripes, severidade de míldio, teor foliar de potássio, produtividade e rendimento pós-colheita de cebola. As doses de cinza influenciam o teor de potássio no solo em uma relação quadrática positiva e não alteram o pH, matéria orgânica, P, Ca, Al, Mg, e Na.

scholarly journals Iris Yellow Spot Tospovirus Detected in Onion (Allium cepa) in Israel

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gera ◽  
J. Cohen ◽  
R. Salomon ◽  
B. Raccah
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Systemic Necrosis ◽  
Western Blots

During March 1997, 20 to 30% of field-grown onion (Allium cepa), observed in Bet Shean Valley, Israel, had unusual viral symptoms of straw-colored ringspots on leaves and flower stalks. Leaf samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (EM) of leaf dip preparations. Typical tospovirus-like particles were observed only with samples taken from symptomatic plants. Crude sap from symptomatic tissue was mechanically transmitted to Nicotiana benthamiana, Chenopodium quinoa, and Gomphrena globosa. On inoculated plants of N. benthamiana, chlorotic spots developed on inoculated leaves, followed by systemic necrosis, 4 and 7 days post inoculation (DPI), respectively. On inoculated plants of C. quinoa and G. globosa, necrotic local lesions developed by 4 to 5 DPI. EM studies with ultrathin sections of infected onion and N. benthamiana leaves revealed the presence of tospovirus-like particles. Virus was purified from mechanically infected N. benthamiana and identified as Iris yellow spot tospovirus (IYSV) by Western blots (immunoblots) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (anti-IYSV antiserum was provided by D. Peters, Wageningen, the Netherlands). A high incidence of the disease observed in the surrounding fields and in other onion-growing areas in Israel was associated with large populations of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci). Although characteristic symptoms have been noted on a frequent basis, effects on yield have yet to be determined. IYSV is known to occur in the Netherlands, where it has been occasionally detected in Iris (1) and leek (A. Porrum) (J. Verhoeven, personal communication). The detection of IYSV in Israel and the wide distribution of thrips in the natural vegetation may be an important constraint on onion and other bulb-crop production in Israel. Reference: (1) A. F. L. M. Derks and M. E. C. Lemmers. Acta Hortic. 432:132, 1996.

scholarly journals Incidência do míldio em cebola sob adubação mineral e orgânica

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Antônio de S. Gonçalves ◽  
Carlos Roberto Sousa e Silva ◽  
Pedro Boff
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Peronospora Destructor

Analisou-se a relação entre adubação mineral e orgânica sobre a incidência de míldio (Peronospora destructor) em cebola (Allium cepa). O trabalho constituiu-se de dois experimentos localizados em Ituporanga, conduzidos entre agosto e dezembro de 1998. O experimento 1, com fontes orgânicas, constou dos tratamentos: esterco de suínos, esterco de aves, composto, esterco de peru e húmus, na dosagem de 75 kg/ha de N; esterco de suínos, na dosagem de 37,5 kg/ha de N; adubação mineral, 30-120-60 kg/ha de N-P2O5-K2O; 60-240-120 kg/ha de N-P2O5-K2O e testemunha sem adubação. O experimento 2 constou dos tratamentos: fontes minerais, 30-120-60 kg/ha de N-P2O5-K2O; 90-360-180 kg/ha de N-P2O5-K2O; 75 kg/ha de N; 225 kg/ha de N; 80 kg/ha de P2O5; 240 kg/ha de P2O5; 60 kg/ha de K2O; 180 kg/ha de K2O; esterco de suínos + fosfato natural, em três combinações, 7,9+0,1, 15,7+0,2 e 47,2+0,6 t/ha, respectivamente; testemunha sem adubação. Não houve diferença entre as fontes mineral e orgânica sobre a incidência de míldio. A relação entre nutrientes e doença foi variável entre datas de amostragem e distinta para fontes minerais e orgânicas.

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