Avian influenza a virus and Newcastle disease virus mono- and co-infections in birds

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis with an antiserum raised in rabbits against the M protein of the avian N virus proved to be particularly useful for large-scale identification of influenza A virus isolates. Of a total of 231 hemagglutinating agents isolated from 1,656 rectal swabs collected from shore and open-country birds, 158 could be identified as influenza A viruses by counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and 75 were serologically related to Newcastle disease virus by hemagglutination inhibition with an antiserum to Newcastle disease virus. Two isolates contained a mixture of influenza A virus and Newcastle disease virus; although the Newcastle disease virus virus particles outnumbered the influenza A virus particles in a ratio of 1,000:1, as seen by electron microscopy, the latter could be readily detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. This type of assay appears to be of potential use for epidemiological surveillance of influenza virus isolated from humans and animals. It combines specificity, sensitivity, and simplicity.

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Prevalence of infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease virus among domestic and wild birds in H5N1 outbreaks areas

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.1441 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (08) ◽

pp. 565-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Zekiba Tarnagda ◽

Issaka Yougbare ◽

Adele Kam ◽

Marc Christian Tahita ◽

Jean Bosco Ouedraogo

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Influenza A ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Western Region ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Infectious Bronchitis

Introduction: The first H5N1 outbreak in Burkina Faso was reported to the World Organization for Animal Health on 3 April 2006. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and Newcastle disease virus among domestic and wild birds in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks areas. Methodology: We collected paired tracheal and cloacal swabs from 283 birds including 278 domestic and five wild birds (three vultures, one sparrowhawk and one Western Grey Plantain-eater) in the Central Region (Ouagadougou) and the Western Region (Bobo-Dioulasso and Sokoroni) of Burkina Faso. Total RNA extracted from samples were subjected to reverse transcription and resulting cDNA amplified by PCR using specific primers for detection of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV mainly highly pathogenic H5N1), Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) for the first time in Burkina Faso. Results and conclusions: Our results show that 13.8% (39/283) samples were reactive for NDV, and the prevalence of IBV was 3.9% (11/283). None of the 283 birds were co-infected by AIV, IBV and/or NDV in our study areas. The prevalence of influenza A virus was 3.2% (95% CI: 0-6.6) with a 1.7% (95% CI: 0-3.2) prevalence of H5N1 being detected. Positive cases of H5N1 virus were found in two out of three vultures in Ouagadougou, and in three out of 203 local chickens in the Western Region. These results confirm the presence of influenza A H5N1 virus, IBV and NDV in domestic and wild birds in Burkina Faso.

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Isolation of the Newcastle Disease Virus and the H9N2 Influenza A Virus from Chicken Imported from China

Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association ◽

10.12935/jvma1951.56.333 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 333-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mariko ETO ◽

Masaji MASE

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Influenza A

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Detection of Influenza A virus contamination in Newcastle Disease live virus vaccines and their pathological effects on visceral organs

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac91.812816 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 3812-3816

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Virus Vaccine ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Influenza A ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Live Virus ◽

Live Virus Vaccine ◽

Avian Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza Outbreaks

To investigate this perception that the NDV live virus vaccine could be the source of Avian Influenza A virus (H9) contamination. Sixteen samples of ND live virus vaccines were purchased from the local market. Prior to use in birds, the samples were tested for Avian Influenza A virus contamination through RT-PCR and used in live birds for any gross pathology and histopathology changes. All the samples were negative against Avian Influenza A virus. Furthermore, these vaccines were also used in broiler and desi chicks at day 5 and day 21 through eye drop and drinking water route respectively. Then, these birds were slaughtered at day 10, 20, 30 and 40 for any gross pathological and histo-pathological changes against Avian Influenza (H9). There were no macroscopic and microscopic lesions observed in visceral organs like trachea, lungs, liver and spleen for Avian Influenza. The results of the study using RT-PCR indicated that the ND live virus vaccine both (local and imported) was free of Avian Influenza A virus (H9). There was a perception among some technical persons that some Avian Influenza outbreaks in the field might be through the source of Newcastle Disease live virus vaccine. This theory regarding contamination of Avian Influenza A virus in Newcastle Disease live virus vaccines found to be wrong on the basis of this study and these commercial vaccines placed in the market are safe to use against Newcastle Disease and are not source of Avian Influenza outbreaks in the field.

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Isolation of herpesvirus and Newcastle disease virus from White Storks (Ciconia ciconia) maintained at four rehabilitation centres in northern Germany during 1983 to 2001 and failure to detect antibodies against avian influenza A viruses of subtypes H5 and H7 in these birds

Avian Pathology ◽

10.1080/03079457.2012.696312 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 383-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Erhard F. Kaleta ◽

Norbert Kummerfeld

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Influenza A ◽

Influenza A Viruses ◽

Northern Germany ◽

Ciconia Ciconia ◽

White Storks

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Development of Neuraminidase Subtype-Specific Reference Antisera by Recombinant Protein Expressed in Baculovirus

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00385-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 140-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kyu-Jun Lee ◽

Jun-Gu Choi ◽

Hyun-Mi Kang ◽

Kwang-Il Kim ◽

Choi-Kyu Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Influenza A ◽

Recombinant Baculovirus ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Simple Method ◽

Avian Influenza A Virus

ABSTRACTOutbreaks of avian influenza A virus infection, particularly the H5N1 strains that have affected birds and some humans for the past 15 years, have highlighted the need for increased surveillance and disease control. Such measures require diagnostic tests to detect and characterize the different subtypes of influenza virus. In the current study, a simple method for producing reference avian influenza virus antisera to be used in diagnostic tests was developed. Antisera of nine avian influenza A virus neuraminidases (NA) used for NA subtyping were produced using a recombinant baculovirus. The recombinant NA (rNA) proteins were expressed in Sf9 insect cells and inoculated intramuscularly into specific-pathogen-free chickens with the ISA70 adjuvant. The NA inhibition antibody titers of the rNA antiserum were in the ranges of 5 to 8 and 6 to 9 log2units after the primary and boost immunizations, respectively. The antisera were subtype specific, showing low cross-reactivity against every other NA subtype using the conventional thiobarbituric acid NA inhibition assay. These results suggest that this simple method for producing reference NA antisera without purification may be useful for the diagnosis and surveillance of influenza virus.

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