The Post-war Reformed Church in face of the Holocaust

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-211
Author(s):  
Pál Hatos
Keyword(s):  
Reformed Church ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Post War

Społeczeństwo holenderskie i los Żydów: skomplikowana historia

2016 ◽  
pp. 425-434
Author(s):  
Dan Michman
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Dutch Society ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Western European ◽  
Post War ◽  
Of Greece

The percentage of victimization of Dutch Jewry during the Shoah is the highest of Western, Central and Southern Europe (except, perhaps of Greece), and close to the Polish one: 75%, more than 104.000 souls. The question of disproportion between the apparent favorable status of the Jews in society – they had acquired emancipation in 1796 - and the disastrous outcome of the Nazi occupation as compared to other countries in general and Western European in particular has haunted Dutch historiography of the Shoah. Who should be blamed for that outcome: the perpetrators, i.e. the Germans, the bystanders, i.e. the Dutch or the victims, i.e. the Dutch Jews? The article first surveys the answers given to this question since the beginnings of Dutch Holocaust historiography in the immediate post-war period until the debates of today and the factors that influenced the shaping of some basic perceptions on “Dutch society and the Jews”. It then proceeds to detailing several facts from the Holocaust period that are essential for an evaluation of gentile attitudes. The article concludes with the observation that – in spite of ongoing debates – the overall picture which has accumulated after decades of research will not essentially being altered. Although the Holocaust was initiated, planned and carried out from Berlin, and although a considerable number of Dutchmen helped and hid Jews and the majority definitely despised the Germans, considerable parts of Dutch society contributed to the disastrous outcome of the Jewish lot in the Netherlands – through a high amount of servility towards the German authorities, through indifference when Jewish fellow-citizens were persecuted, through economically benefiting from the persecution and from the disappearance of Jewish neighbors, and through actual collaboration (stemming from a variety of reasons). Consequently, the picture of the Holocaust in the Netherlands is multi-dimensional, but altogether puzzling and not favorable.

Child Survivors of the Holocaust — Strategies of Adaptation

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 384-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Krell
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Child Survivors ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Nazi Persecution ◽  
Post War ◽  
Over 40 Years

Child survivors have only recently been recognized as a developmentally distinct group with psychological experiences different from older survivors. The wartime circumstances of Nazi persecution caused enforced separation from family and friends, and all the survivors experienced persecution in the form of physical and emotional abuse, starvation and degradation, and were witnesses to cruelty. This paper is based on information from interviews and therapy with 25 child survivors, the majority of whom were not patients. Coping strategies are discussed in terms of their survival value in wartime and post-war adaptive value. Three themes which reverberate throughout the lives of child survivors, now adults, are discussed in greater detail: bereavement, memory and intellect. The fact that the majority of child survivors live normal and creative lives provides an opportunity to learn what factors have served them over 40 years, to provide the resilience and strength to cope after such a shattering beginning.

An Ordinary Polish Town: The Homecoming of Holocaust Survivors to Kalisz in the Immediate Aftermath of the War

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-112
Author(s):  
Lukasz Krzyzanowski
Keyword(s):  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Communal Life ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Post War ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
Second World

The rapidly growing historiography on the aftermath of the Holocaust in Poland has focused primarily on post-war anti-Semitism. Scholars have traditionally concentrated on the post-war death, community destruction and emigration of Holocaust survivors rather than their attempts to return to their former homes. This article explores who these survivors were and what their return was like. Using the medium-sized industrial town of Kalisz in western Poland as a case study, the article argues that the composition of survivors' communities and the difficulty of adapting to the new economic reality, together with the already well-researched anti-Jewish violence, played a significant role in preventing a revival of Jewish communal life in provincial Poland in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War.

Heidelberg, February 6, 1988

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Hans-Georg Gadamer ◽  
Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Deep Knowledge ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Press ◽  
Post War

The three philosophers gather in a restaurant in Heidelberg to take questions from the public, while members of the press cover the event. The first question concerns the notion of responsibility, which becomes the leading motif of the entire discussion: Heidegger’s responsibility as a thinker who gravely compromised himself politically; his readers’ responsibility with regard to their own deep knowledge of this compromise in relation to other aspects of Heidegger’s work; the responsibility of philosophy itself, both intellectually and ethically. Questions are posed as well on Heidegger’s post-war silence on the Holocaust and his refusal to retract his own statements and actions in favor of Nazism in 1933.

Ann Charney Dobryd

2002 ◽  
pp. 509-512
Author(s):  
Anna Petrov Bumble
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Jewish Family ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Post War

This chapter considers Ann Charney’s Dobryd, a memoir with a profound treatment of the aftermath of the Holocaust. Reported from a child’s point of view, the narrative provides a glimpse into the deepest workings of Charney’s psyche from the age of 3 until the age of 10. Though not a feminist fable, Dobryd is a story in which all the protagonists — Charney, her mother, and her aunt — are women who struggle and succeed on their own during the war and in the chaos of post-war Poland. Named after a Polish town near Lviv, the memoir encompasses the lives of members of three generations of a Jewish family as they and their community suffer through the horrors of the Holocaust. The story follows family members over a period of about forty years, penetrating deep into their inner world.

Music as a ‘Paper Bridge’ between Generations before and after the Holocaust

2020 ◽  
pp. 451-460
Author(s):  
Bella Szwarcman-Czarnota
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary People ◽  
Performing Artists ◽  
Performance Skills ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
Jewish Music ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post War ◽  
Paper Bridge

This chapter examines how music produced in Vilna before the war provided a bridge to the post-war Jewish generation in Poland. It analyzes the poem written by Kadya Molodowsky in 1942 about the bridge that ordinary people build with honest hands and in pureness of heart. It mentions the Jew's use of the word khurbn for the Holocaust, which is the same term used to describe the destruction of the First and Second Temples. The chapter focuses on performing artists and musicians from Vilna that aim to develop performance skills that are linked to general European music, which can be seen as an expression of post-Haskalah tendencies. It talks about Rafael Rubinstein, who became a director of the reactivated music institute in Russia and returned to Vilna after the Bolshevik revolution in order to aid the Jewish Music Institute.

The Galician Paradigm? Post-war Voices of German-Speaking Polish Jewish Survivors1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Aleksiun
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
German Culture ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Historical Commissions ◽  
Post War ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
Jewish Survivors ◽  
Second World

Abstract This paper examines the experience of Galician-Jewish survivors who were fluent in German and who had developed close ties to German culture before the Second World War. It suggests that looking through the German linguistic lens highlights the multilayered nature of Jewish cultural identity in Galicia and offers an important critical tool with which to understand the distinct ways in which Galician Jews experienced the Holocaust. Using personal accounts, this article analyzes the ways in which complex cultural biographies of Galician Jews shaped their identities as eastern European Jews, Polish citizens, and Holocaust survivors. On the basis of testimonies included in early accounts for the Jewish historical commissions, statements by Jewish witnesses in post-war trials, oral interviews, and memoirs, this article discusses the ways in which Galician Jews remembered their relationship with German culture and how their complex cultural identity shaped their personal trajectories after the liberation.

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